Medical Physiology – Translation process or the synthesis of polypeptides

Medical Physiology – Translation process or the synthesis of polypeptides
The synthesis of polypeptides from the genetic code on the ribosomes is known as translation.
One end of the mRNA strand enters the ribosome to produce proteins, and in a little more than a minute, the full strand threads through the ribosome. As it travels through, the ribosome "reads" the genetic code and triggers the correct arrangement of amino acids to unite to create peptide bonds. The different varieties of tRNA are recognized by the mRNA, but not the varied types of amino acids. Only one particular kind of amino acid that is integrated into the protein is carried by each type of tRNA molecule. Therefore, each codon on the mRNA strand draws a particular tRNA, which then delivers a particular amino acid, as the mRNA strand travels through the ribosome. After then, this amino acid joins with the amino acids that came before it to create a peptide bond, and this process keeps on until a complete protein molecule is created. The process is now complete, as indicated by the appearance of a chain-terminating codon, and the protein is released into the cytoplasm or into the interior through the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.