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Legal Terms – Genocide
Genocide, as delineated in the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide 1948, encompasses not merely the extermination of group members but also inflicting severe physical or psychological harm, imposing living conditions designed to annihilate them, implementing measures to obstruct procreation, or forcibly relocating children of the group to another group, provided these actions are executed with the intent to obliterate the group wholly or partially. The annihilation of a cultural or political group does not constitute genocide. The 1948 Genocide Convention stipulates that genocide is an international crime; the signatories commit to prosecuting not just crimes of genocide occurring within their jurisdiction but also collaboration, conspiracy, incitement, and efforts to perpetrate genocide. The Convention has been incorporated into English law through the Genocide Act 1969. The Convention is widely regarded as encapsulating elements of customary international law that obligate all governments, including those not party to the Convention. In January 2020, the International Court of Justice unanimously resolved to specify preliminary remedies in the case Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Gambia v Myanmar).
Genocide, as delineated in the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide 1948, encompasses not merely the extermination of group members but also inflicting severe physical or psychological harm, imposing living conditions designed to annihilate them, implementing measures to obstruct procreation, or forcibly relocating children of the group to another group, provided these actions are executed with the intent to obliterate the group wholly or partially. The annihilation of a cultural or political group does not constitute genocide. The 1948 Genocide Convention stipulates that genocide is an international crime; the signatories commit to prosecuting not just crimes of genocide occurring within their jurisdiction but also collaboration, conspiracy, incitement, and efforts to perpetrate genocide. The Convention has been incorporated into English law through the Genocide Act 1969. The Convention is widely regarded as encapsulating elements of customary international law that obligate all governments, including those not party to the Convention. In January 2020, the International Court of Justice unanimously resolved to specify preliminary remedies in the case Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Gambia v Myanmar).
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Legal Terms - Genitor
The biological progenitor of a kid, as opposed to the legal father. Genocide n. Actions intended to annihilate a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group.
The biological progenitor of a kid, as opposed to the legal father. Genocide n. Actions intended to annihilate a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group.
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Legal Terms - Geneva Conventions
A succession of international treaties regarding the laws of war, the inaugural of which was established in Geneva in 1864. The 1864 and 1906 Conventions safeguard sick and wounded soldiers; the Geneva Protocol of 1925 forbids the employment of gas and bacteriological warfare; the three Conventions of 1929 and the four Conventions of 1949 protect sick and wounded soldiers, sailors, and prisoners of war, while the 1949 Conventions additionally safeguard specific civilian groups. The First Protocol of 1977 enhances the 1949 Conventions by broadening civilian protection, governing aerial bombardment, and expanding the types of conflicts covered by the 1949 Conventions, including civil wars. The 1949 Conventions are endorsed by numerous governments and are widely regarded as encapsulating customary international law pertaining to warfare. Refer to the Hague Conventions; Martens Clause.
A succession of international treaties regarding the laws of war, the inaugural of which was established in Geneva in 1864. The 1864 and 1906 Conventions safeguard sick and wounded soldiers; the Geneva Protocol of 1925 forbids the employment of gas and bacteriological warfare; the three Conventions of 1929 and the four Conventions of 1949 protect sick and wounded soldiers, sailors, and prisoners of war, while the 1949 Conventions additionally safeguard specific civilian groups. The First Protocol of 1977 enhances the 1949 Conventions by broadening civilian protection, governing aerial bombardment, and expanding the types of conflicts covered by the 1949 Conventions, including civil wars. The 1949 Conventions are endorsed by numerous governments and are widely regarded as encapsulating customary international law pertaining to warfare. Refer to the Hague Conventions; Martens Clause.
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Legal Terms - Glebe
Land owned as an integral component of an ecclesiastical benefice
Land owned as an integral component of an ecclesiastical benefice
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Legal Terms- Gypsy
Gypsy (n.): An individual leading a nomadic lifestyle without a permanent residence. Previously, local administrations were obligated to offer locations for gipsies visiting their regions. The precise definition of gipsy as a member of the Romany ethnicity was not applicable for this context; rather, the name excluded wandering showmen and New Age travellers. The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 abolishes this requirement, however local authorities may choose to offer places if they like.
Gypsy (n.): An individual leading a nomadic lifestyle without a permanent residence. Previously, local administrations were obligated to offer locations for gipsies visiting their regions. The precise definition of gipsy as a member of the Romany ethnicity was not applicable for this context; rather, the name excluded wandering showmen and New Age travellers. The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 abolishes this requirement, however local authorities may choose to offer places if they like.
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Legal Terms – Gillick Competence
In medical law, the status of a kid under 16 who possesses adequate maturity and comprehension to consent to specific medical treatment. When a medical expert determines that a kid is Gillick-competent, the youngster may get treatment without parental agreement or awareness. The decision of a Gillick-competent kid to refuse treatment can be superseded by the courts, their parents, or an anyone with parental responsibility. The word pertains to the ruling in the case Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech Area Health Authority [1985]. Three All ER 402 (HL).
In medical law, the status of a kid under 16 who possesses adequate maturity and comprehension to consent to specific medical treatment. When a medical expert determines that a kid is Gillick-competent, the youngster may get treatment without parental agreement or awareness. The decision of a Gillick-competent kid to refuse treatment can be superseded by the courts, their parents, or an anyone with parental responsibility. The word pertains to the ruling in the case Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech Area Health Authority [1985]. Three All ER 402 (HL).
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Legal Terms – Gig Economy
temporary labor market A labor market characterized by short-term, freelance, or part-time engagements, where individuals are hired for specific, limited purposes at designated times (e.g., parcel delivery during the Christmas season). Employers frequently assert that this offers self-employed contractors, freelancers, or temporary employees diverse work experience and the autonomy to determine their work schedule and conditions. Individuals involved may argue that their exclusion from the classifications of *employee or *worker results in the loss of fundamental employment benefits and protections, including assured compensation and entitlement to paid leave. The increasing prevalence of the gig economy has prompted many UK government efforts, particularly the 2017 *Taylor Review on Modern Working Practices. The emergence of these novel flexible working arrangements has prompted significant legal disputes, exemplified by the case of Uber BV and others against Aslam and others. 2021 UKSC 5 and Pimlico Plumbers Limited v Smith [2018] UKSC 29.
temporary labor market A labor market characterized by short-term, freelance, or part-time engagements, where individuals are hired for specific, limited purposes at designated times (e.g., parcel delivery during the Christmas season). Employers frequently assert that this offers self-employed contractors, freelancers, or temporary employees diverse work experience and the autonomy to determine their work schedule and conditions. Individuals involved may argue that their exclusion from the classifications of *employee or *worker results in the loss of fundamental employment benefits and protections, including assured compensation and entitlement to paid leave. The increasing prevalence of the gig economy has prompted many UK government efforts, particularly the 2017 *Taylor Review on Modern Working Practices. The emergence of these novel flexible working arrangements has prompted significant legal disputes, exemplified by the case of Uber BV and others against Aslam and others. 2021 UKSC 5 and Pimlico Plumbers Limited v Smith [2018] UKSC 29.
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Legal Terms – Gift with Reservation
A gift from an individual of property occurs when either (1) the donee does not genuinely assume possession and enjoyment of the property, or (2) the property is not enjoyed to the complete, or nearly complete, exclusion of the donor, nor does the donor derive any benefit from it through contract or other means (Finance Act 1986 s 102 and sch 20). Gifts with reservations are subject to inheritance tax in the usual manner. For the calculation of inheritance tax upon death, the gifted property is considered as if it remained within the donor's estate. Consequently, there may be a dual imposition of inheritance tax; in these instances, legislative instrument SI 1987/1130 article 6(4) applies to levy the greater of the two obligations.
A gift from an individual of property occurs when either (1) the donee does not genuinely assume possession and enjoyment of the property, or (2) the property is not enjoyed to the complete, or nearly complete, exclusion of the donor, nor does the donor derive any benefit from it through contract or other means (Finance Act 1986 s 102 and sch 20). Gifts with reservations are subject to inheritance tax in the usual manner. For the calculation of inheritance tax upon death, the gifted property is considered as if it remained within the donor's estate. Consequently, there may be a dual imposition of inheritance tax; in these instances, legislative instrument SI 1987/1130 article 6(4) applies to levy the greater of the two obligations.
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Legal Terms – Gift Over
A clause in a will or settlement that allows for the creation of an interest in property upon the cessation or failure of a preceding interest. An illustration of such a stipulation would be a bequest “to my wife during her lifetime and upon her demise to my brother.” The allocation for the brother constitutes a gift over.
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Legal Terms – Gift Aid
donation assistance A mechanism that allows donations made to a charity by an individual or corporation to be regarded as a net amount from which basic rate tax has been subtracted. Consequently, the charity is able to recover the presumed basic rate credit. If the taxpayer is liable for tax at a higher rate, they can seek relief at that rate by including the charitable donation in their self-assessment for the tax year in which the donation occurs. The taxpayer is required to submit a gift assistance declaration to the charity. This declaration, atypical in tax affairs, may be issued retroactively and stipulate that all gifts made on or after 6 April 2000 shall be regarded by the charity as having been made under gift aid. There exist comparable tax-efficient arrangements by which relief is secured on the donation of land, stocks and shares, or equipment and machinery. Tax reduction is unavailable for a "tainted donation," which refers to a gift from which the giver or an associated individual gains any benefit. Finance Act 2011 Schedule 3.
donation assistance A mechanism that allows donations made to a charity by an individual or corporation to be regarded as a net amount from which basic rate tax has been subtracted. Consequently, the charity is able to recover the presumed basic rate credit. If the taxpayer is liable for tax at a higher rate, they can seek relief at that rate by including the charitable donation in their self-assessment for the tax year in which the donation occurs. The taxpayer is required to submit a gift assistance declaration to the charity. This declaration, atypical in tax affairs, may be issued retroactively and stipulate that all gifts made on or after 6 April 2000 shall be regarded by the charity as having been made under gift aid. There exist comparable tax-efficient arrangements by which relief is secured on the donation of land, stocks and shares, or equipment and machinery. Tax reduction is unavailable for a "tainted donation," which refers to a gift from which the giver or an associated individual gains any benefit. Finance Act 2011 Schedule 3.
