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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Pecuniary Legacy
A pecuniary legacy is a gift of money left to a beneficiary under a will.
The amount is usually fixed or specifically stated by the testator.
Unlike a specific legacy, it does not refer to a particular item of property.
If the estate lacks sufficient funds to satisfy all pecuniary legacies, they may abate proportionately.
Pecuniary legacies are governed by the rules of succession and probate law.
A pecuniary legacy is a gift of money left to a beneficiary under a will.
The amount is usually fixed or specifically stated by the testator.
Unlike a specific legacy, it does not refer to a particular item of property.
If the estate lacks sufficient funds to satisfy all pecuniary legacies, they may abate proportionately.
Pecuniary legacies are governed by the rules of succession and probate law.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Peer-Reviewed Statements
Peer-reviewed statements are statements published in scientific or academic journals after being reviewed by editors and independent experts.
Such statements may benefit from a statutory defence in actions for defamation.
The defence was introduced by the Defamation Act 2013.
The purpose of the defence is to encourage academic and scientific debate without fear of unnecessary litigation.
The defence extends the protection of qualified privilege to properly reviewed academic material.
Peer-reviewed statements are statements published in scientific or academic journals after being reviewed by editors and independent experts.
Such statements may benefit from a statutory defence in actions for defamation.
The defence was introduced by the Defamation Act 2013.
The purpose of the defence is to encourage academic and scientific debate without fear of unnecessary litigation.
The defence extends the protection of qualified privilege to properly reviewed academic material.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Perfect and Imperfect Rights
Perfect rights are legal rights that are enforceable through court proceedings.
Imperfect rights are rights recognized morally or socially but not enforceable by law.
A perfect right gives the holder a legal remedy against infringement.
An imperfect right may exist as a moral obligation without legal sanction.
The distinction highlights the difference between legal duties and ethical expectations.
Perfect rights are legal rights that are enforceable through court proceedings.
Imperfect rights are rights recognized morally or socially but not enforceable by law.
A perfect right gives the holder a legal remedy against infringement.
An imperfect right may exist as a moral obligation without legal sanction.
The distinction highlights the difference between legal duties and ethical expectations.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Perpetuation of Testimony
Perpetuation of testimony was a legal procedure used to preserve evidence in civil cases before a trial began.
The procedure was mainly used where there was a risk that important evidence might later become unavailable.
Examples included situations where a witness was elderly, seriously ill, or likely to die before proceedings commenced.
The testimony would be formally recorded for possible future use in litigation.
The procedure is now obsolete and is no longer generally used in modern civil practice.
Perpetuation of testimony was a legal procedure used to preserve evidence in civil cases before a trial began.
The procedure was mainly used where there was a risk that important evidence might later become unavailable.
Examples included situations where a witness was elderly, seriously ill, or likely to die before proceedings commenced.
The testimony would be formally recorded for possible future use in litigation.
The procedure is now obsolete and is no longer generally used in modern civil practice.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Peremptory Pleas
Peremptory pleas are pleas raised by a defendant that completely defeat or bar a legal action.
They are also known as pleas in bar.
Such pleas do not merely delay proceedings but seek to end the claim entirely.
Examples include pleas based on prior judgment, limitation periods, or settlement.
If successful, the claimant is prevented from continuing the action.
Peremptory pleas are pleas raised by a defendant that completely defeat or bar a legal action.
They are also known as pleas in bar.
Such pleas do not merely delay proceedings but seek to end the claim entirely.
Examples include pleas based on prior judgment, limitation periods, or settlement.
If successful, the claimant is prevented from continuing the action.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Peremptory Norm
A peremptory norm is a fundamental rule of international law from which no derogation is permitted.
Such norms are also known as Jus Cogens principles.
Peremptory norms bind all states regardless of consent.
Examples include prohibitions against genocide, slavery, torture, and aggressive war.
Any treaty or rule conflicting with a peremptory norm is considered void under international law.
A peremptory norm is a fundamental rule of international law from which no derogation is permitted.
Such norms are also known as Jus Cogens principles.
Peremptory norms bind all states regardless of consent.
Examples include prohibitions against genocide, slavery, torture, and aggressive war.
Any treaty or rule conflicting with a peremptory norm is considered void under international law.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Peremptory Challenge
A peremptory challenge refers to a party’s right to object to a juror without giving reasons.
Historically, it allowed defendants in criminal cases to reject certain jurors automatically.
The purpose was to help secure fairness and impartiality in jury selection.
In many jurisdictions, the use of peremptory challenges has been restricted or abolished.
The term is associated with the process known as challenge to jury.
A peremptory challenge refers to a party’s right to object to a juror without giving reasons.
Historically, it allowed defendants in criminal cases to reject certain jurors automatically.
The purpose was to help secure fairness and impartiality in jury selection.
In many jurisdictions, the use of peremptory challenges has been restricted or abolished.
The term is associated with the process known as challenge to jury.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Per Capita
Per capita is a Latin expression meaning “by heads” or “for each person”.
In succession law, distribution per capita means each beneficiary receives an equal share individually.
The method treats all entitled persons equally regardless of family branch.
For example, if four beneficiaries inherit per capita, each receives one-quarter of the estate.
Per capita distribution differs from distribution per stirpes, where shares are divided according to family lines.
Per capita is a Latin expression meaning “by heads” or “for each person”.
In succession law, distribution per capita means each beneficiary receives an equal share individually.
The method treats all entitled persons equally regardless of family branch.
For example, if four beneficiaries inherit per capita, each receives one-quarter of the estate.
Per capita distribution differs from distribution per stirpes, where shares are divided according to family lines.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Peppercorn Rent
A peppercorn rent is a very small or nominal rent reserved under a lease.
The rent is often purely symbolic and may consist literally of a peppercorn.
Its purpose is to show that the lease is supported by valuable consideration.
Peppercorn rents are commonly used where parties do not intend any substantial rent to be paid.
Such arrangements are frequently seen in long leases granted for premium payments.
A peppercorn rent is a very small or nominal rent reserved under a lease.
The rent is often purely symbolic and may consist literally of a peppercorn.
Its purpose is to show that the lease is supported by valuable consideration.
Peppercorn rents are commonly used where parties do not intend any substantial rent to be paid.
Such arrangements are frequently seen in long leases granted for premium payments.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Per Autre Vie
Per autre vie is a legal expression meaning “for the life of another”.
It refers to an estate or interest in land that lasts for the lifetime of another specified person.
The holder of the estate enjoys rights in the property only while that person remains alive.
When the named person dies, the estate automatically ends.
The term commonly appears in relation to an Estate Pur Autre Vie.
Per autre vie is a legal expression meaning “for the life of another”.
It refers to an estate or interest in land that lasts for the lifetime of another specified person.
The holder of the estate enjoys rights in the property only while that person remains alive.
When the named person dies, the estate automatically ends.
The term commonly appears in relation to an Estate Pur Autre Vie.