LAW

Published on
KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Object of Agreement
The object of agreement is the subject matter or purpose of a contract.
It refers to the act, promise, service, or obligation that one party agrees to perform or refrain from performing in exchange for *consideration.
The object of agreement may appear in the title, introductory clauses, or operative terms of the contract.
Picture
Published on
KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Objection to Indictment


An objection to indictment is a procedure used in criminal proceedings where an accused person challenges the validity of an indictment on legal grounds.


The challenge may be based on defects such as failure to comply with statutory requirements or procedural irregularities.


The objection is normally raised through an application to quash the indictment before or during the trial.
Picture
Published on
KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Obiter Dictum
Obiter dictum, meaning “a remark in passing,” refers to comments made by a judge that are not essential to the decision in a case.
Such statements do not form part of the *ratio decidendi and therefore are not legally binding as precedent.
However, obiter dicta may still carry persuasive value and can be cited in later cases as guidance or influential reasoning.

Picture
Published on
KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Oath of Allegiance
An oath of allegiance is a formal promise of loyalty and faithfulness to the Crown.
It is taken by members of both Houses of Parliament at the start of a new Parliament, by certain Crown officers upon appointment, and by persons acquiring British nationality through registration or naturalization.
The oath symbolizes allegiance to the constitutional authority of the state.

Picture
Published on
KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Oath


An oath is a formal declaration in which a person swears that a statement is true or that a promise will be faithfully carried out, traditionally by calling upon God as a witness.


Oaths are required in many legal situations, particularly when giving evidence in court or swearing an *affidavit.


A common witness oath is: “I swear by Almighty God that the evidence which I shall give shall be the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth.”


Individuals who object to taking religious oaths, whether because of religious beliefs or because they have none, may instead make an *affirmation.
Picture
Published on
KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Nuncupative Will
A nuncupative will is an oral declaration expressing how a person wishes property to be distributed after death.
Under English law, oral wills are generally ineffective unless they fall within special exceptions.
The main exceptions are *privileged wills, which may apply to certain military personnel or sailors, and *donatio mortis causa, which concerns gifts made in contemplation of death.
Outside these limited situations, a valid will normally must comply with formal written requirements.

Picture
Published on
KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – No Win, No Fee
No win, no fee arrangements are forms of legal funding in which a lawyer is paid only if the case succeeds.
These arrangements are commonly associated with *conditional fee agreements and *damages-based agreements.
The system allows claimants to pursue legal claims without paying legal fees upfront.
If the claim is unsuccessful, the client usually does not have to pay the lawyer’s ordinary fees, although liability for certain costs may still arise depending on the agreement.

Picture
Published on
KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Nudum Pactum


Nudum pactum, meaning “naked agreement,” refers to an agreement unsupported by consideration.


At common law, a promise without consideration is generally unenforceable unless made in a valid deed.


The principle forms part of the law of contract and emphasizes that legally binding agreements normally require something of value to be exchanged between the parties.
Picture
Published on
KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Nudity
In legal terminology, nudity is generally considered in connection with offences relating to *exposure.
The law examines whether the conduct amounts to indecent exposure or related criminal behaviour.
Liability depends on the surrounding circumstances, including the intention of the individual and whether members of the public were likely to be offended or alarmed.

Picture
Published on
KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Nullum Crimen Sine Lege
Nullum crimen sine lege means “no crime without a law.”
It expresses the principle of legality, namely that conduct cannot amount to a criminal offence unless the law has previously declared it to be criminal.
Many offences are created by statute, while others exist under the common law.
The principle seeks to prevent people from being punished for conduct that was not recognized as criminal at the time it occurred.

Picture