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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Ordinary Share
An ordinary share is the standard form of share ownership in a company.
Holders of ordinary shares usually possess voting rights and are entitled to receive dividends if declared by the company.
The return on ordinary shares depends on the company’s profitability and financial performance.
Ordinary shareholders generally rank behind creditors and preference shareholders if the company is wound up.
They also commonly benefit from increases in the company’s value through capital appreciation.
An ordinary share is the standard form of share ownership in a company.
Holders of ordinary shares usually possess voting rights and are entitled to receive dividends if declared by the company.
The return on ordinary shares depends on the company’s profitability and financial performance.
Ordinary shareholders generally rank behind creditors and preference shareholders if the company is wound up.
They also commonly benefit from increases in the company’s value through capital appreciation.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Ordinance
An ordinance is a form of legislation made under the *royal prerogative.
It is most commonly associated with legislation governing British overseas territories or dependencies.
Ordinances may regulate local administration, public order, taxation, or other governmental matters within those territories.
Historically, ordinances were an important method of colonial governance.
Today, they continue to exist mainly within constitutional arrangements relating to overseas jurisdictions.
An ordinance is a form of legislation made under the *royal prerogative.
It is most commonly associated with legislation governing British overseas territories or dependencies.
Ordinances may regulate local administration, public order, taxation, or other governmental matters within those territories.
Historically, ordinances were an important method of colonial governance.
Today, they continue to exist mainly within constitutional arrangements relating to overseas jurisdictions.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Originating Summons
An originating summons was formerly a method of commencing proceedings in the High Court.
It was commonly used in cases involving questions of law, interpretation, or administration where there was little dispute about facts.
Under the Civil Procedure Rules, the originating summons has largely been replaced by the *Part 8 claim form.
The modern procedure simplifies the commencement of proceedings involving straightforward legal issues.
The change forms part of broader reforms intended to modernize civil procedure.
An originating summons was formerly a method of commencing proceedings in the High Court.
It was commonly used in cases involving questions of law, interpretation, or administration where there was little dispute about facts.
Under the Civil Procedure Rules, the originating summons has largely been replaced by the *Part 8 claim form.
The modern procedure simplifies the commencement of proceedings involving straightforward legal issues.
The change forms part of broader reforms intended to modernize civil procedure.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Ordinary Legislative Procedure
The ordinary legislative procedure is the main method by which legislation is enacted within the European Union under the *Lisbon Treaty.
It involves joint participation by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union.
The procedure expanded and replaced much of the earlier *codecision process.
It gives the European Parliament a stronger role in shaping EU legislation, including matters relating to the EU budget.
The system is intended to enhance democratic accountability and institutional balance within EU lawmaking.
The ordinary legislative procedure is the main method by which legislation is enacted within the European Union under the *Lisbon Treaty.
It involves joint participation by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union.
The procedure expanded and replaced much of the earlier *codecision process.
It gives the European Parliament a stronger role in shaping EU legislation, including matters relating to the EU budget.
The system is intended to enhance democratic accountability and institutional balance within EU lawmaking.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Ordinary Resolution
An ordinary resolution is a company decision passed by a simple majority of votes cast by members entitled to vote.
This means that more than 50 percent of the votes must support the resolution.
Ordinary resolutions are used where the Companies Act 2006 or the company’s *articles of association do not require a higher voting threshold.
They are commonly used for routine company matters such as appointing directors or approving accounts.
An ordinary resolution differs from a *special resolution, which requires a larger majority.
An ordinary resolution is a company decision passed by a simple majority of votes cast by members entitled to vote.
This means that more than 50 percent of the votes must support the resolution.
Ordinary resolutions are used where the Companies Act 2006 or the company’s *articles of association do not require a higher voting threshold.
They are commonly used for routine company matters such as appointing directors or approving accounts.
An ordinary resolution differs from a *special resolution, which requires a larger majority.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Original Evidence
Original evidence refers to evidence presented directly to prove a fact rather than relying upon the truth of another person’s statement.
For example, in a slander case, testimony that the witness personally heard defamatory words spoken is original evidence because it proves that the statement was made.
The term distinguishes such evidence from *hearsay evidence.
Original evidence may also refer to *direct evidence obtained from firsthand observation or experience.
Courts generally prefer original evidence because it is considered more reliable and easier to test through cross-examination.
Original evidence refers to evidence presented directly to prove a fact rather than relying upon the truth of another person’s statement.
For example, in a slander case, testimony that the witness personally heard defamatory words spoken is original evidence because it proves that the statement was made.
The term distinguishes such evidence from *hearsay evidence.
Original evidence may also refer to *direct evidence obtained from firsthand observation or experience.
Courts generally prefer original evidence because it is considered more reliable and easier to test through cross-examination.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Orders of Council
Orders of Council are legislative orders made by the Privy Council acting independently under statutory powers.
Unlike Orders in Council, they do not involve the Crown acting formally with the Council.
They are commonly used to regulate professional bodies, educational institutions, and similar organizations.
Orders of Council are a form of delegated legislation created under authority granted by Parliament.
Their functions are generally administrative or regulatory rather than constitutional.
Orders of Council are legislative orders made by the Privy Council acting independently under statutory powers.
Unlike Orders in Council, they do not involve the Crown acting formally with the Council.
They are commonly used to regulate professional bodies, educational institutions, and similar organizations.
Orders of Council are a form of delegated legislation created under authority granted by Parliament.
Their functions are generally administrative or regulatory rather than constitutional.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Organ Donation
Organ donation refers to the legal system governing the donation of organs and tissue after death for transplantation purposes.
In England, the Organ Donation (Deemed Consent) Act 2019 introduced a system under which adults are presumed to consent to donation unless they opt out or fall within excluded categories.
This reform is commonly known as Max and Keira’s Law.
Similar deemed consent systems have also been introduced in Wales and Scotland.
The legislation aims to increase the availability of organs for transplantation while preserving individual choice and protections
Organ donation refers to the legal system governing the donation of organs and tissue after death for transplantation purposes.
In England, the Organ Donation (Deemed Consent) Act 2019 introduced a system under which adults are presumed to consent to donation unless they opt out or fall within excluded categories.
This reform is commonly known as Max and Keira’s Law.
Similar deemed consent systems have also been introduced in Wales and Scotland.
The legislation aims to increase the availability of organs for transplantation while preserving individual choice and protections
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Natural Person
A natural person is a human being recognized by law as having legal rights and duties.
The term distinguishes human individuals from artificial or juristic persons such as companies and corporations.
Natural persons can own property, enter contracts, sue, and be sued in their own names.
Most areas of law assume legal personality begins with recognition of the individual as a natural person.
The concept is fundamental in both private and public law because it defines who may hold legal rights and obligations.
A natural person is a human being recognized by law as having legal rights and duties.
The term distinguishes human individuals from artificial or juristic persons such as companies and corporations.
Natural persons can own property, enter contracts, sue, and be sued in their own names.
Most areas of law assume legal personality begins with recognition of the individual as a natural person.
The concept is fundamental in both private and public law because it defines who may hold legal rights and obligations.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Nomology
Nomology is the scientific or systematic study of laws and the process of law-making.
The field examines the principles, structure, development, and operation of legal systems.
It may involve studying how laws are created, interpreted, enforced, and how they function within society.
Nomology combines aspects of legal theory, jurisprudence, sociology, and political science in order to understand the nature and purpose of law.
The term therefore refers broadly to the scholarly analysis of legal systems and legislative processes.
Nomology is the scientific or systematic study of laws and the process of law-making.
The field examines the principles, structure, development, and operation of legal systems.
It may involve studying how laws are created, interpreted, enforced, and how they function within society.
Nomology combines aspects of legal theory, jurisprudence, sociology, and political science in order to understand the nature and purpose of law.
The term therefore refers broadly to the scholarly analysis of legal systems and legislative processes.