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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Internal Waters
Internal waters include rivers, lakes, port, and waters on the landward side of a state’s territorial baseline. These waters are treated as part of the state’s sovereign territory.
Within internal waters, a state exercises full civil, criminal, and administrative jurisdiction, even over foreign vessels. This distinguishes internal waters from territorial seas, where certain navigation rights apply.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Intermediate Terms
Intermediate terms, also known as innominate terms, are contractual terms that cannot be neatly classified as conditions or warranties. Their legal effect depends on the seriousness of the breach rather than the label attached to the term.
If the breach deprives the innocent party of substantially the whole benefit of the contract, termination is permitted. Otherwise, the remedy is limited to damages, allowing flexibility and proportionality in contract law.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Intermediary
An intermediary is a person who facilitates communication between a witness and the court, most commonly in criminal proceedings involving vulnerable witnesses such as children or persons with communication difficulties.
The intermediary does not give evidence or advocate for either side. Instead, they ensure that questions are understood and that answers are communicated accurately, supporting the fairness and reliability of the trial process.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Interlocutory
Interlocutory describes decisions, applications, or proceedings that take place during the course of litigation but do not finally determine the dispute. Traditionally, interlocutory matters included applications for injunctions, discovery, or security for costs.
Under modern civil procedure, the term has largely been replaced by “interim.” Nevertheless, interlocutory remains important historically and conceptually, particularly when analysing older case law or understanding the evolution of procedural rules.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Interlineation
Interlineation refers to writing inserted between the lines of a document after it has been drafted. In legal documents, this is treated as an alteration.
Such changes may affect the validity or interpretation of the document. Courts scrutinize interlineations carefully to prevent fraud or uncertainty.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Interim Measures
Interim measures are temporary regulatory actions imposed to prevent harm while investigations are ongoing. In competition law, they may require businesses to stop certain practices immediately.
These measures protect complainants and markets from irreversible damage. They remain in force until a final decision is reached.
Interim measures are temporary regulatory actions imposed to prevent harm while investigations are ongoing. In competition law, they may require businesses to stop certain practices immediately.
These measures protect complainants and markets from irreversible damage. They remain in force until a final decision is reached.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Interim Injunction
An interim injunction is a temporary court order granted before the final determination of a case. It may restrain harmful conduct or require action to prevent injustice.
The court considers factors such as urgency, balance of convenience, and adequacy of damages. Breach of an interim injunction can result in contempt proceedings.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Interim Judgment
An interim judgment resolves part of a dispute while leaving other issues to be decided later. It may determine liability while postponing assessment of damages.
This approach promotes efficiency by narrowing issues and encouraging settlement. Interim judgments do not conclude proceedings entirely.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Interim Payment
An interim payment is an order requiring a defendant to pay part of a claim before final judgment. It is commonly used where liability is clear but damages remain to be assessed.
Interim payments provide financial relief to claimants and reduce hardship. Courts impose strict conditions to ensure fairness to defendants.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Interim Proceedings
Interim proceedings are the procedural steps that take place between the start of a case and the trial. These include pleadings, disclosure, and case management hearings.
Their purpose is to define issues, exchange evidence, and promote efficient resolution. Effective interim proceedings reduce delay and cost.
