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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Industrial Tribunal
An industrial tribunal, now known as an employment tribunal, is a specialist court that hears disputes between employers and employees. These disputes commonly involve unfair dismissal, discrimination, and wage claims.
Tribunals are designed to be more accessible and informal than ordinary courts. Their procedures aim to resolve employment disputes efficiently while ensuring fairness to both parties.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Industrial Dispute
An industrial dispute is a disagreement between employers and workers relating to employment conditions, pay, working hours, or job security. Such disputes often arise in collective employment contexts involving trade unions.
Industrial disputes are regulated by labour law to balance the rights of workers to take collective action with the need to protect economic stability and public interest.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Inevitable Accident
An inevitable accident is an incident that could not have been avoided through the exercise of reasonable care and skill. It serves as a defence in both civil and criminal law.
Where an accident is truly inevitable, liability will not arise because negligence cannot be established. Courts examine the facts carefully to determine whether the incident was genuinely unavoidable.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Information
In criminal procedure, an information is a written statement laid before a magistrate alleging that an offence has been committed. It initiates proceedings and forms the basis for issuing a summons or warrant.
The information must clearly describe the offence and relevant facts. Accuracy and clarity are essential to ensure procedural fairness for the accused.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Indivisible Contract
An indivisible contract is a contract whose obligations must be performed in full before any right to payment arises. The performance cannot be broken into separate parts, and partial performance will not normally entitle the performing party to payment.
This type of contract contrasts with divisible or severable contracts, where obligations can be split and paid for in stages. Indivisible contracts often arise where the parties clearly intend complete performance to be a condition of payment.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Infant (Minor)
An infant, also referred to as a minor, is a person under the age of 18. In law, infants have limited legal capacity, particularly in relation to contracts.
Special legal protections apply to minors to safeguard their welfare and prevent exploitation. Certain rights and responsibilities may arise at specific ages, depending on the legal context.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Indorsement (Endorsement)
Indorsement refers to the act of signing a negotiable instrument, such as a bill of exchange or cheque, for the purpose of transferring rights under it to another person. The signature is usually placed on the back of the instrument.
Through indorsement, the indorser may transfer ownership, guarantee payment, or assume liability depending on the type of endorsement used. This mechanism plays a crucial role in commercial transactions involving negotiable instruments.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – In Extenso
In extenso is a Latin term meaning “in full.” It is used to describe the complete reproduction or citation of a document without omission.
The phrase is commonly used in legal judgments and academic writing to indicate that a text has been quoted or reproduced in its entirety for accuracy or emphasis.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – In Dubio Mitius
In dubio mitius is a Latin principle meaning that where there is doubt in interpreting a legal text, the interpretation that imposes the least burden should be preferred. It is commonly applied in treaty interpretation and international law.
This principle reflects respect for state sovereignty and legal certainty. Where obligations are unclear, courts and tribunals avoid interpretations that impose unexpected or excessive duties on the party bound by the text.
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KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Industrial Injuries Disablement Benefit
Industrial Injuries Disablement Benefit is a state benefit payable to individuals who suffer injury or disease as a result of their employment. Eligibility depends on medical assessment of the level of disablement.
The benefit reflects the principle that workers injured through employment should receive compensation without needing to prove employer fault. It forms part of the wider system of social security protection.
