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Legal Terms -collaborative law
a type of family dispute settlement with legal assistance. Family attorneys collaborate (often with other professionals who have received collaborative training) to help the parties have child- and family-focused discussions in order to find a mutually acceptable resolution regarding children and finances. Attorneys and clients have an obligation to fully and honestly disclose all pertinent information, and attorneys also have an obligation to help the family as a whole get the best result. A written agreement is made by divorcing couples and their attorneys that neither party will file for divorce during the proceedings, nor will the attorneys encourage the other party to do so. Should a consensus not be reached, the
agreement is cancelled, and the attorneys are no longer permitted to represent the couple in any ensuing legal actions.
a type of family dispute settlement with legal assistance. Family attorneys collaborate (often with other professionals who have received collaborative training) to help the parties have child- and family-focused discussions in order to find a mutually acceptable resolution regarding children and finances. Attorneys and clients have an obligation to fully and honestly disclose all pertinent information, and attorneys also have an obligation to help the family as a whole get the best result. A written agreement is made by divorcing couples and their attorneys that neither party will file for divorce during the proceedings, nor will the attorneys encourage the other party to do so. Should a consensus not be reached, the
agreement is cancelled, and the attorneys are no longer permitted to represent the couple in any ensuing legal actions.
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Legal Terms - Cloning
Cloning is the process of creating an asexual human entity that bears genetic resemblance to an extant or former human being. This is achieved by inserting donor cell nuclear material into the nucleus of an egg. Reproductive cloning is the term for the procedure that occurs when the resultant embryo is placed into a womb with the intention of bearing a child. It is currently prohibited by the Human Fertilization and
Act on Embryology, 2008. Therapeutic cloning is the term used to describe the creation of cloned embryos for medical research purposes or to generate cells that will be transplanted into an individual afflicted with a disease or disability. If authorized by the *Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority, such a procedure might be legal.
Cloning is the process of creating an asexual human entity that bears genetic resemblance to an extant or former human being. This is achieved by inserting donor cell nuclear material into the nucleus of an egg. Reproductive cloning is the term for the procedure that occurs when the resultant embryo is placed into a womb with the intention of bearing a child. It is currently prohibited by the Human Fertilization and
Act on Embryology, 2008. Therapeutic cloning is the term used to describe the creation of cloned embryos for medical research purposes or to generate cells that will be transplanted into an individual afflicted with a disease or disability. If authorized by the *Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority, such a procedure might be legal.
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Legal Terms - close company
a business managed by its directors or by five or fewer shareholders. *Loan creditors may be among the participants who possess or are entitled to get a stake or interest in the capital or income of the company. Transactions between close corporations and their participators are subject to special tax rules.
a business managed by its directors or by five or fewer shareholders. *Loan creditors may be among the participants who possess or are entitled to get a stake or interest in the capital or income of the company. Transactions between close corporations and their participators are subject to special tax rules.
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Legal Terms - closed-shop contract
a collective bargaining agreement mandating that employees in a given group join or become members of a specific trade union. A pre-entry agreement forbids an employer from hiring a suitable candidate unless that candidate is already a member of the relevant union. Under a post-entry agreement, workers must enlist in the designated union within a predetermined window of time following the start of their job.
All employees are free to join a trade union if they so want under the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act of 1992. Employees can file a complaint with an employment tribunal, which has the authority to order the employer to compensate them, if they are subjected to any action by their employer—apart from termination—to impose their union membership. It is automatically unfair to fire someone for not being a member of a trade union. There are unique minimum rates of *compensation payable in this situation. Employers can join the union as a party to the dismissal proceedings and transfer the obligation to pay compensation to the union if, as a result of trade union pressure, they fire an employee for not being a member of a union.
When a union uses industrial action to impose a closed shop, it forfeits the protection against lawsuits it would have had if the action had been taken in support of a *trade dispute.
Because of this legislation, closed-shop agreements are no longer enforceable by unions or employers, even though they are not illegal in and of themselves. As a result, they may be considered illegal.
a collective bargaining agreement mandating that employees in a given group join or become members of a specific trade union. A pre-entry agreement forbids an employer from hiring a suitable candidate unless that candidate is already a member of the relevant union. Under a post-entry agreement, workers must enlist in the designated union within a predetermined window of time following the start of their job.
All employees are free to join a trade union if they so want under the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act of 1992. Employees can file a complaint with an employment tribunal, which has the authority to order the employer to compensate them, if they are subjected to any action by their employer—apart from termination—to impose their union membership. It is automatically unfair to fire someone for not being a member of a trade union. There are unique minimum rates of *compensation payable in this situation. Employers can join the union as a party to the dismissal proceedings and transfer the obligation to pay compensation to the union if, as a result of trade union pressure, they fire an employee for not being a member of a union.
When a union uses industrial action to impose a closed shop, it forfeits the protection against lawsuits it would have had if the action had been taken in support of a *trade dispute.
Because of this legislation, closed-shop agreements are no longer enforceable by unions or employers, even though they are not illegal in and of themselves. As a result, they may be considered illegal.
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Legal Terms - close of pleadings
Previously, a phase of the High Court pleading process that took place 14 days following the counterclaim, reply, or defense's service. The *case management and track *allocation functions are now in charge of this phase.
Previously, a phase of the High Court pleading process that took place 14 days following the counterclaim, reply, or defense's service. The *case management and track *allocation functions are now in charge of this phase.
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Legal Terms - Closure
closure: The process of halting discussion of a topic, especially in the Commons, by introducing a motion "that the question be now put," which is not up for discussion. As a result, a vote on the matter at hand needs to be held right away.
closure: The process of halting discussion of a topic, especially in the Commons, by introducing a motion "that the question be now put," which is not up for discussion. As a result, a vote on the matter at hand needs to be held right away.
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Legal Terms – club
an organization governed by bylaws binding on its members under contract law. Club property is either owned by a proprietor (often a company limited by guarantee) who runs the club as a profit-making enterprise, or it is vested in trustees acting on behalf of the members (members’ club). In a members' club, the committee is often responsible for club debts; in a proprietary club, the owner is.
an organization governed by bylaws binding on its members under contract law. Club property is either owned by a proprietor (often a company limited by guarantee) who runs the club as a profit-making enterprise, or it is vested in trustees acting on behalf of the members (members’ club). In a members' club, the committee is often responsible for club debts; in a proprietary club, the owner is.
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Legal Terms - Coase theorem
a notion that is frequently used in the *economic study of law. Dedicated to Ronald Coase, the Nobel laureate (1911–2013), it describes
a conclusion that maximizes the net total of social wealth is considered "efficient." The theorem can be used, in particular, to examine the degree to which the rules yield such a "efficient" result in the context of the law of *tort. The Coase Theorem can be summed up simply as follows: whichever legal norm is chosen, the "efficient" outcome will happen under situations with low transaction costs and well-defined property rights. The strategy used by Coase is that a "efficient" regulation is one that minimizes the total of accident costs and preventive costs because such a rule will often diminish societal wealth the least amount of time. However, preventing accidents through safety measures unavoidably incurs costs.
a notion that is frequently used in the *economic study of law. Dedicated to Ronald Coase, the Nobel laureate (1911–2013), it describes
a conclusion that maximizes the net total of social wealth is considered "efficient." The theorem can be used, in particular, to examine the degree to which the rules yield such a "efficient" result in the context of the law of *tort. The Coase Theorem can be summed up simply as follows: whichever legal norm is chosen, the "efficient" outcome will happen under situations with low transaction costs and well-defined property rights. The strategy used by Coase is that a "efficient" regulation is one that minimizes the total of accident costs and preventive costs because such a rule will often diminish societal wealth the least amount of time. However, preventing accidents through safety measures unavoidably incurs costs.
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Legal Terms – code
A comprehensive written legal code (such as the French Code Napoleon). Although there isn't a code of English law, some specific subjects have been covered in this manner by *codifying statutes (such as the Sale of Goods Act 1893, which was modified and reenacted in the Sale of Goods Act 1979).
A comprehensive written legal code (such as the French Code Napoleon). Although there isn't a code of English law, some specific subjects have been covered in this manner by *codifying statutes (such as the Sale of Goods Act 1893, which was modified and reenacted in the Sale of Goods Act 1979).
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Legal Terms - codecision procedure
a process made possible by the *Maastricht Treaty that gave the European Parliament the authority to veto some proposed laws. A conciliation committee of the Council and Parliament will try to come to an agreement if the *Council of the European Union and the European Parliament are unable to agree following a second reading of the proposal by the Parliament. The legislation may be rejected by the Parliament by an absolute majority vote if a compromise cannot be achieved. The codecision procedure was renamed the *ordinary legislative procedure and expanded to cover most legislative sectors under the terms of the *Lisbon Treaty.
a process made possible by the *Maastricht Treaty that gave the European Parliament the authority to veto some proposed laws. A conciliation committee of the Council and Parliament will try to come to an agreement if the *Council of the European Union and the European Parliament are unable to agree following a second reading of the proposal by the Parliament. The legislation may be rejected by the Parliament by an absolute majority vote if a compromise cannot be achieved. The codecision procedure was renamed the *ordinary legislative procedure and expanded to cover most legislative sectors under the terms of the *Lisbon Treaty.
