- Published on
KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Personal Allowances
Personal allowances are fixed sums deducted from an individual’s income before income tax is calculated.
The allowances reduce the amount of taxable income.
Additional allowances may apply to elderly persons or blind individuals.
Personal allowances are generally adjusted periodically in line with economic conditions or legislation.
Trustees and personal representatives are generally not entitled to claim personal allowances.
Personal allowances are fixed sums deducted from an individual’s income before income tax is calculated.
The allowances reduce the amount of taxable income.
Additional allowances may apply to elderly persons or blind individuals.
Personal allowances are generally adjusted periodically in line with economic conditions or legislation.
Trustees and personal representatives are generally not entitled to claim personal allowances.
- Published on
KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Personal Company
A personal company refers to a company closely associated with an individual who provides services through it.
The concept commonly arises in taxation and employment regulation.
Such companies may fall within rules governing managed service companies or personal service companies.
The law seeks to prevent avoidance of tax and employment obligations through corporate structures.
Special tax provisions may apply where the company effectively operates as an extension of an individual worker.
A personal company refers to a company closely associated with an individual who provides services through it.
The concept commonly arises in taxation and employment regulation.
Such companies may fall within rules governing managed service companies or personal service companies.
The law seeks to prevent avoidance of tax and employment obligations through corporate structures.
Special tax provisions may apply where the company effectively operates as an extension of an individual worker.
- Published on
KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Per Stirpes
Per stirpes is a Latin expression meaning “according to descent” or “by the roots.”
It describes a method of distributing property among descendants in succession law.
Under a per stirpes distribution, descendants inherit the share that their deceased ancestor would have received.
For example, grandchildren may collectively take the share of a deceased parent.
The rules of intestacy commonly apply the principle of per stirpes distribution.
Per stirpes is a Latin expression meaning “according to descent” or “by the roots.”
It describes a method of distributing property among descendants in succession law.
Under a per stirpes distribution, descendants inherit the share that their deceased ancestor would have received.
For example, grandchildren may collectively take the share of a deceased parent.
The rules of intestacy commonly apply the principle of per stirpes distribution.
- Published on
KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Persona Non Grata
Persona non grata is a Latin term meaning an unacceptable or unwelcome person in diplomatic law.
The term is mainly used for diplomatic agents who are no longer acceptable to the receiving state.
When a diplomat is declared persona non grata, the sending state is expected to recall that person.
If the sending state refuses or fails to act, the host state may expel the diplomat or refuse to recognize their diplomatic status.
The concept is an important aspect of international diplomatic relations and state sovereignty.
Persona non grata is a Latin term meaning an unacceptable or unwelcome person in diplomatic law.
The term is mainly used for diplomatic agents who are no longer acceptable to the receiving state.
When a diplomat is declared persona non grata, the sending state is expected to recall that person.
If the sending state refuses or fails to act, the host state may expel the diplomat or refuse to recognize their diplomatic status.
The concept is an important aspect of international diplomatic relations and state sovereignty.
- Published on
KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Personal Union
A personal union is an arrangement where two or more states share the same head of state.
Each state nevertheless remains legally separate and retains its own sovereignty.
The arrangement does not create a single international legal entity.
A historical example occurred when James VI and I ruled both Scotland and England.
Personal unions often arise through inheritance or dynastic succession.
A personal union is an arrangement where two or more states share the same head of state.
Each state nevertheless remains legally separate and retains its own sovereignty.
The arrangement does not create a single international legal entity.
A historical example occurred when James VI and I ruled both Scotland and England.
Personal unions often arise through inheritance or dynastic succession.
- Published on
KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Personalty
Personalty is another term for personal property.
It includes all property that is not land or an interest in land.
Examples include goods, money, shares, and intellectual property rights.
The term is frequently used in probate and succession law.
Personalty is contrasted with realty, which refers to land and related interests.
Personalty is another term for personal property.
It includes all property that is not land or an interest in land.
Examples include goods, money, shares, and intellectual property rights.
The term is frequently used in probate and succession law.
Personalty is contrasted with realty, which refers to land and related interests.
- Published on
KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Personal Service
Personal service refers to formally delivering legal documents directly to a person or organization.
The rules governing personal service are contained in procedural law such as the Civil Procedure Rules.
Service on an individual usually occurs by physically leaving the document with that person.
Companies may be served through directors, managers, or other senior officers.
Proper service is important because it ensures parties receive notice of legal proceedings.
Personal service refers to formally delivering legal documents directly to a person or organization.
The rules governing personal service are contained in procedural law such as the Civil Procedure Rules.
Service on an individual usually occurs by physically leaving the document with that person.
Companies may be served through directors, managers, or other senior officers.
Proper service is important because it ensures parties receive notice of legal proceedings.
- Published on
KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Personal Right
A personal right is a right enforceable against a particular person rather than against the world generally.
It differs from a proprietary or real right attached to property itself.
Examples include contractual rights against another party.
The concept is often contrasted with rights in rem.
The Latin expression associated with personal rights is Jus ad Rem.
A personal right is a right enforceable against a particular person rather than against the world generally.
It differs from a proprietary or real right attached to property itself.
Examples include contractual rights against another party.
The concept is often contrasted with rights in rem.
The Latin expression associated with personal rights is Jus ad Rem.
- Published on
KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Personal Contract
A personal contract is a contract involving obligations closely connected to the personal skills or qualities of a party.
Performance is expected personally rather than through substitutes.
Examples include contracts involving artists, professionals, or specialist services.
Such contracts may end upon death or incapacity of the person required to perform.
The concept is also relevant in certain financial and derecognition contexts.
A personal contract is a contract involving obligations closely connected to the personal skills or qualities of a party.
Performance is expected personally rather than through substitutes.
Examples include contracts involving artists, professionals, or specialist services.
Such contracts may end upon death or incapacity of the person required to perform.
The concept is also relevant in certain financial and derecognition contexts.
- Published on
KembaraXtra – Legal Terms – Personal Representative
A personal representative is a person legally authorized to administer a deceased person’s estate.
Personal representatives include executors appointed by will and administrators appointed under intestacy rules.
Their duties include collecting assets, paying debts, and distributing the estate.
They act in a fiduciary capacity and must administer the estate properly.
Authority to act is usually confirmed through a grant of representation.
A personal representative is a person legally authorized to administer a deceased person’s estate.
Personal representatives include executors appointed by will and administrators appointed under intestacy rules.
Their duties include collecting assets, paying debts, and distributing the estate.
They act in a fiduciary capacity and must administer the estate properly.
Authority to act is usually confirmed through a grant of representation.