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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Palpitations
• Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome
• Sick sinus syndrome
• Mitral valve prolapse
• Medications (digoxin, β-blockers, calcium channel antagonists, hydralazines, diuretics, minoxidil)
• Ischemic heart disease
• Ingestion of stimulant drugs (cocaine, amphetamines, caffeine)
• Hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM)
• Hyperthyroidism
• Exercise
• Electrolyte abnormalities (hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia)
• Anxiety
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Pancreatic Calcifications
• Pseudocyst
• Metastatic neoplasm
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Hereditary pancreatitis
• Hemorrhage
• Cystadenoma
• Cystadenocarcinoma
• Chronic pancreatitis
• Cavernous lymphangioma
• Acute pancreatitis (saponification)
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer (Exocrine)
• Sclerosing cholangitis
• Sarcoidosis
• Primary biliary cirrhosis
• Other pancreatic tumors (islet cell tumor, cystadenocarcinoma, epidermoid carcinoma, sarcomas, lymphomas)
• Drug-induced cholestasis (e.g., phenothiazines)
• Common duct stricture
• Common duct cholelithiasis
• Chronic hepatitis
• Cholangiocarcinoma
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Acute Pancreatitis 
• Ruptured or dissecting aortic aneurysm
• Renal colic
• Pneumonia (basilar)
• Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
• Myocardial infarction (inferior wall)
• Mesenteric vascular obstruction
• High intestinal obstruction
• Early acute appendicitis
• Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
• Acute cholangitis, biliary colic
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Orchitis
• Vasculitis
• Spermatic cord torsion
• Neoplasm
• Mumps, with or without parotitis
• Hematoma
• Epididymo-orchitis, gonococcal
• Epididymitis
• Autoimmune disease
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Orgasm Dysfunction
• Spinal cord trauma
• Spinal cord lesion or injury
• Spinal cord accident
• Radical pelvic surgery
• Psychogenic
• Pharmacologic agents (e.g., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs], β-blockers)
• Peripheral nerve damage
• Multiple sclerosis (MS)
• Hypothyroidism
• Hypopituitarism
• Herniated lumbar disk
• Cushing’s disease
• Anorgasmia: inadequate stimulation or learning
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
• Alcoholic neuropathy
• Addison’s disease
• Acromegaly
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Orofacial Pain
• Wisdom tooth eruption
• Trigeminal neuralgia
• Sinusitis
• Sialoadenitis
• Parotitis
• Otitis media
• Otitis externa
• Malingering
• Herpes zoster
• Dental abscess
• Anxiety disorder
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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.