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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Mucormycosis
• Infection of the site by other organisms (bacterial [including TB and leprosy], viral, fungal, or protozoan)
• Noninfectious tissue necrosis (e.g., neoplasia, vasculitis, degenerative) of the site
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Menopause
• TB
• Pregnancy
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Pituitary tumors
• Ovarian neoplasm
• Ovarian abnormalities
• Hypothyroidism
• Hypothalamic dysfunction
• Asherman’s syndrome
• Adrenal abnormalities
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Mesenteric Adenitis
• Viral syndrome
• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
• Crohn’s disease
• Acute appendicitis (5% to 10% of patients admitted to hospitals with a diagnosis of appendicitis are discharged with a diagnosis of mesenteric adenitis)
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Non Occlusive Mesenteric Ischemia 
• Septic shock
• Drug induced (cocaine, vasopressors, ergot alkaloid poisoning) 
• Cardiovascular disease resulting in low-flow states (congestive heart failure [CHF], cardiogenic shock, post cardiopulmonary bypass, dysrhythmias)
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis
• Trauma (operative venous injury, abdominal trauma, post splenectomy)
• Other: CHF, renal failure, portal hypertension, decompression sickness
• Inflammatory conditions (pancreatitis, diverticulitis, appendicitis, cholangitis)
• Hypercoagulable states (protein C or S deficiency, antithrombin III deficiency, factor V Leyden, malignant neoplasm, polycythemia vera, sickle cell disease, homocystinemia, lupus anticoagulant, cardiolipin antibody)
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome
• Other forms of diabetes (type 1)
• Other causes of weight gain or obesity (Cushing’s syndrome, hypothyroidism)
• Other causes of hypertension (Cushing’s syndrome, hyperaldosteronism)
• Other causes of hyperlipidemia (familial hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism)
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Metastatic Neoplasms
TO BONE
• Thyroid
• Prostate
• Lung
• Kidney
• Endometrium
• Cervix
• Breast
• Bladder
• Melanoma
TO BRAIN
• Thyroid
• Skin
• Sinuses
• Sarcoma
• Melanoma
• Lung
• GU tract
• Colon
• Breast
TO LIVER
• Stomach
• Sarcoma
• Pancreas
• Lymphomas
• Lung
• Colon
• Choriocarcinoma
• Bronchus
• Breast
TO LUNG
• Thyroid
• Testis
• Stomach
• Melanoma
• Kidney
• Colon
• Breast
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Metatarsalgia
• Splayfoot
• Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis
• MTP synovitis
• Morton’s neuroma
• Hallux rigidus
• Freiberg’s disease (avascular necrosis of second metatarsal head)
• Cavus foot (high arch)
• Bunion deformity
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Melanoma
• Basal cell carcinoma
• Blue nevus
• Cherry hemangioma
• Dermatofibroma
• Dysplastic nevi
• Keratoacanthoma
• Lentigo
• Pyogenic granuloma
• Seborrheic keratosis
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Subungual hematoma
• Vascular lesions
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