Kembara Xtra - Medicine - Hypokalemia
Kembara Xtra - Medicine - Hypokalemia A serum potassium level of 3.5 mEq/L (normal range, 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L) is considered hypokalemic. Mild hypokalemia (3.0 to 3.5 mEq/L of serum potassium) Serum potassium levels of 2.5 to 3.0 mEq/L indicate moderate hy
Kembara Xtra - Medicine - Hyponatremia
Kembara Xtra - Medicine - Hyponatremia A plasma sodium (Na+) concentration below 135 mEq/L is considered hyponatremia. Hyponatremia by itself cannot tell you how much water the patient has in their body (TBW). Patients who have hyponatremia can have hype
Kembara Xtra - Medicine - Hypoparathyroidism
Kembara Xtra - Medicine - Hypoparathyroidism Acute hypoparathyroidism causes tetany that can be mild (muscle cramps, perioral numbness, paresthesias of the hands and feet), severe (carpopedal spasm, laryngospasm, heart failure, seizures, stridor), or abs
Kembara Xtra - Medicine - Hypersplenism
Kembara Xtra - Medicine - Hypersplenism Hypersplenism, or excessive spleen activity, manifests as the following symptoms: Splenomegaly, which occurs frequently but not always. - Cytopenias with corresponding bone marrow hyperplasia of precursors - Splene
Kembara Xtra - Medicine - Hypernatremia
Kembara Xtra - Medicine - Hypernatremia Serum sodium (Na) concentration >145 mEq/L, which often denotes a hypertonic state The equilibrium between total body water (TBW) and total body Na is reflected in the Na concentration. Water relative to sodium de
Kembara Xtra - Medicine - Hyperparathyroidism
Kembara Xtra - Medicine - Hyperparathyroidism an abnormality in the body's regular regulatory feedback processes that causes an overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) Primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is characterized by excessive PTH release as a
Kembara Xtra - Medicine - Hyperprolactinemia
Kembara Xtra - Medicine - Hyperprolactinemia When the lactotroph cells of the pituitary gland are affected either physiologically or pathologically, the result is hyperprolactinemia, which is an abnormal spike in serum prolactin levels. Prevalence of Epi
Kembara Xtra - Medicine - Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Kembara Xtra - Medicine - Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) is another name for hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). HP is a widespread inflammatory condition of the lung parenchyma brought on by an immune response to antigen
Kembara Xtra - Medicine - Hydrocele
Kembara Xtra - Medicine - Hydrocele A collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral layers of the tunica vaginalis in the scrotum is known as a communicating hydrocele (patent processus vaginalis). It has direct communication with the peritoneal
Kembara Xtra - Medicine - Hydrocephalus
Kembara Xtra - Medicine - Hydrocephalus Hakim first identified normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) as a clinical triad of gait instability, incontinence, and dementia (mnemonic: wet, wobbly, wacky) in 1957. The condition has two types: idiopathic and obs
