Kembara Xtra - Medicine - Dysmenorrhea

Kembara Xtra - Medicine - Dysmenorrhea  Pelvic pain, which can occur during or around the time of menstruation, is a prominent cause of absenteeism among young women (under 30 years old). Primary dysmenorrhea is defined as pelvic pain in the absence of pa


​Kembara Xtra - Medicine - Dyspareunia

Kembara Xtra - Medicine - Dyspareunia  Introduction recurrent and chronic genital or pelvic discomfort linked with sexual activity that is not solely attributable to the intensity of intercourse, lack of lubrication, or vaginismus. pain that occurs in t


​Kembara Xtra - Medicine - Interstitial Lung Disease

Kembara Xtra - Medicine - Interstitial Lung Disease  Introduction Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a broad category of chronic progressive lung disorders linked to pulmonary fibrosis and/or alveolar inflammation that may be irreversible. More than 2


​Kembara Xtra - Medicine - Diverticular  Disease

Kembara Xtra - Medicine - Diverticular  Disease  Introduction Diverticula are several or single diverticula that protrude from the colonic wall. Diverticular disease is a group of illnesses that affects the whole GI system, with the exception of the rect


​Kembara Xtra - Medicine - Domestic Violence

Kembara Xtra - Medicine - Domestic Violence  Introduction Domestic violence (DV) is any conduct employed in a relationship to obtain or keep control over an intimate partner. It can take the form of physical, sexual, or emotional abuse as well as economic


​Kembara Xta - Medicine - Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

Kembara Xta - Medicine - Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Introduction In the presence of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 is brought on by a gradual deficiency in insulin secretion. Aspects of Geriatrics Less aggressive glucose targets than in


​​Kembara Xta - Medicine - Diabetes Ketoacidosis ( DKA)

​​Kembara Xta - Medicine - Diabetes Ketoacidosis ( DKA) Introduction euglycemic DKA is a rare medical emergency in diabetics that can happen without hyperglycemia during pregnancy and in people taking sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors. It most fr


​Kembara Xta - Medicine - Diabetic Polyneuropathy

Kembara Xta - Medicine - Diabetic Polyneuropathy  Introduction  Diabetes causes peripheral nerve impairment, with several patterns described: Radiculoplexus neuropathy (diabetic amyotrophy) - Symmetric polyneuropathy - Distal sensory or sensorimotor - Mo


Kembara Xta - Medicine - Acute Diarrhea

Kembara Xta - Medicine - Acute Diarrhea Introduction An abnormal rise in stool water content, volume, or frequency (three times per day) lasting for at least 14 days. Most frequently a result of an infectious cause; frequently self-limited The most fre


Kembara Xta - Medicine - Chronic  Diarrhea

Kembara Xta - Medicine - Chronic Diarrhea Introduction The most important defining characteristic of chronic diarrhea is abnormal stool form; frequent defecation with normal consistency is referred to as pseudo diarrhea. The etiologies of chronic diar