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Symptoms and Signs- Differential Diagnosis of wave, dominant in V1
Right ventricular hypertrophy, right pulmonary embolism Posterior Ml
Myocarditis
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (left-sided accessory pathway) Misplaced pacemaker! (in left atrium)


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Symptoms and Signs- Differential Diagnosis of Rash
Cutaneous diseases, e.g. eczema, psoriasis, urticaria Drugs
Infection (bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic) Inflammatory/connective tissue diseases Malignancy
Hyperpigmentation, Hypopigmented macules, Photodistributed rash



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Symptoms and Signs- Differential Diagnosis of Raynaud's phenomenon
Idiopathic
Occupational (vibrating tools)
Connective tissue diseases: scleroderma, SLE, Sjogren's syndrome, rheumatoid
arthritis, dermatomyositis
Cold agglutinins
Cryoglobulinaemia, macroglobulinaemia (Waldenstrom's) Cervical rib
Drugs: (3-blockers
Vascular disease
Rectal discharge
Common
Haemorrhoids
Anal fissure
Rectal prolapse
Proctitis
Perianal warts

Occasional
Rectal carcinoma
Anal fistula
Perianal IBD
Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome
Villous adenoma
Rarely
Infection: anal TB, gonorrhoea, syphilis, HIV Anal carcinoma



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Symptoms and Signs- Differential Diagnosis of Absent Red Reflexive
Cataract
Corneal oedema {acute angle closure glaucoma) Vitreous hemorrhage
Retinal detachment

Symptoms and Signs- Differential Diagnosis of Absent reflexes with up-going plantars
Motor neurone disease
Friedreich's ataxia
Subacute combined degeneration of the cord {B12 deficiency) Spinal shock
Tabes dosalis
Pellagra
Conus medullaris lesion
Severe hyponatraemia



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Symptoms and Signs- Differential Diagnosis of Renal tubular acidosis
Type 1
Autoimmune: Sjogren's syndrome, SLE, primary biliary cirrhosis Nephrocalcinosis: hypercalcaemia, medullary sponge kidney Obstructive uropathy
Toxic: amphotericin, Lithium, transplanted kidney {rejection) Sickle cell anaemia
(Mnemonic: Acid NOT Secreted)
Type2
Acquired: myeloma, hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, Drugs: acetazolamide, heavy metals
Congenital: as part of Fanconi's syndrome, fructose intolerance, cystinosis, Wilson's disease, tyrosinaemia
Type4
Diabetes mellitus Pyelonephritis
Renal tubular acidosis continued Drugs: NSAIDs, potassium-sparing diuretics Urinary obstruction
Sickle cell disease


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Symptoms and Signs- Differential Diagnosis of Red Eye
Conjunctivitis {allergic, viral, bacterial, chlamydia!) Episcleritis
Scleritis
lritis {anterior uveitis)
Acute angle closure glaucoma
Other: inflamed pinguecula, subconjuctival haemorrhage See also Painful red eye




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Symptoms and Signs- Differential Diagnosis of QT interval
Long
Hypothermia
Hypocalcaemia, hypokalaemia, hypomagnesaemia
Congenital: Romano-Ward syndrome, Jervell-Lange--Nielsen syndrome Drugs: tricyclic antidepressants, chloroquine, Class la anti-arrhythmic drugs Acute Ml, acute myocarditis
Cerebral injury
Short
Hyperthermia Hypercalcaemia Digoxin


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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Purpura
Senile
Steroids (iatrogenic, Cushing's syndrome)
Infection: meningococcal septicaemia/DIC, infective endocarditis
Platelet disorders: quantitative (thrombocytopenia), qualitative (von Willebrand's
disease), coagulopathy (haemophilia, liver disease, anticoagulants) Vasculitis: e.g:
1°: Henoch-Schiinlein purpura, polyarteritis nodosa, Churg-Strauss, Wegener's granulomatosis, cryoglobulinaemia
2°: SLE, rheumatoid arthritis
Collagen diseases: scurvy, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Others: emboli (e.g. cholesterol), hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia,
Amyloidosis



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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Pyoderma gangrenosum
Inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune hepatitis
Rheumatoid arthritis, seronegative arthritides
Haematological: leukaemia, myeloma, polycythaemia rubra vera Wegener's granulomatosis
Idiopathic (50%)



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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.