Published on
Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Howell-Jolly bodies
Hypergammaglobulinaemia
Hyposplenism: sickle cell disease, coeliac disease/dermatitis herpetiformis,
Iron deficiency
Leukaemia
Megaloblastic anaemia
Post-splenectomy
ulcerative colitis, tropical sprue, amyloidosis, essential thrombocythaemia




Picture
Published on
Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Raised Homocysteine
Disease: hypothyroidism, renal failure, breast/ovarian cancer
Drugs: methotrexate, theophylline, phenytoin
Genetic: Cystathionine beta 1-synthetase deficiency, MTHFR polymorphism
Lifestyle: aging, smoking, increase coffee consumption
Vitamin deficiency: B6 , B12, folate


Picture
Published on
Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Hepatosplenomegaly
Worldwide: malaria, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis
Portal hypertension (See Portal hypertension)
Other: amyloidosis, storage disorders, e.g. Gaucher's disease, infantile polycystic disease
Myeloproliferative disorders*
Megaloblastic anaemia (e.g. pernicious anaemia)
Lymphoproliferative disorders**
Infection: hepatitis B or C, EBV, CMV, leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, brucellosis


Picture
Published on
Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Splitting of S2
Wide
Delayed activation of right ventricle
RBBB, left ventricular pacing, left ventricular preexcitation (WolffParkinson-
White syndrome)

Prolonged right ventricular ejection time
Pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary hypertension
Reduced Left ventricular ejection time
Mitral regurgitation, VSD

Wide fixed splitting
ASD

Reversed splitting
Delayed activation of left ventricle
LBBB, right ventricular pacing, right ventricular preexcitation
Prolonged left ventricular ejection time
Aortic stenosis, HOCM, hypertension, PDA


Picture
Published on

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Hemianopia
Bitemporal
Superior temporal quadrants involved first
Pituitary adenoma, meningioma, carotid aneurysm
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Sphenoid sinus mucocele
Inferior temporal quadrants involved first
Craniopharyngioma
Third ventricular tumour

Homonymous
Involvement of:
Optic tract or
Optic radiation (in parietal or temporal lobes) or
Occipital cortex by: CVA (sudden): stroke/transient ischaemic attack (TIA)
Masses: gliomas, metastasis, abscess


Picture

Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.