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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Tics
• Anxiety disorder
• Carbon monoxide poisoning
• Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
• Encephalitis
• Head trauma
• Huntington’s disease
• Medications (e.g., antipsychotics, carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital)
• Physiologic tic
• Schizophrenia
• Stroke
• Sydenham’s chorea
• Tourette’s syndrome
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Thyroiditis
• Factitious hyperthyroidism can mimic silent thyroiditis.
• Painful subacute thyroiditis can be mistaken for infections of the oropharynx and trachea or for suppurative thyroiditis.
• Riedel’s thyroiditis can be mistaken for carcinoma of the thyroid.
• The hyperthyroid phase of Hashimoto’s, subacute, or silent thyroiditis can be mistaken for Graves’ disease.
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Thyroid Carcinoma
• Benign thyroid cyst
• Branchial cleft cyst
• Ectopic thyroid
• Epidermoid cyst
• Laryngocele
• Lymphocytic thyroiditis
• Multinodular goiter
• Nonthyroid neck neoplasm
• Thyroglossal duct cyst
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Torsades de Pointes
• Antiarrhythmics known to increase the QT interval (e.g., quinidine, procainamide, amiodarone, disopyramide, sotalol)
• Antiviral and antifungal agents and antibiotics
• Bradyarrhythmias
• Chloroquine, pentamidine
• Cocaine abuse
• Congenital long QT syndrome
• Histamine (H1) antagonists (e.g., astemizole, terfenadine)
• Hypokalemia
• Hypomagnesemia
• Insecticide poisoning
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage
• Tricyclic antidepressants and phenothiazines
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
• Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
• Eclampsia or preeclampsia
• Gastroenteritis as a result of a serotoxin-producing serotype of Escherichia coli
• Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (typically encountered in children, often after a viral infection)
• Malignant hypertension
• Medications: clopidogrel, ticlopidine, penicillin, antineoplastic chemotherapeutic agents, oral contraceptives
• Vasculitis
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Deep Venous Thrombosis
• Abscess
• Arterial insufficiency
• Cellulitis, lymphangitis, Achilles tendinitis
• Claudication
• Hematoma
• Muscle or soft tissue injury, stress fracture
• Ruptured Baker’s cyst
• Superficial thrombophlebitis
• Varicose veins, lymphedema
• Venous stasis
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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.