Medicine - kembara Xtra

Published on: March 25, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment
• Vitamin B12 deficiency
• Subdural hematoma
• Reversible CNS conditions
• Normal-pressure hydrocephalus
• Metastatic disease
• Medication related (anticholinergics)
• Hypothyroidism
• Depression
• Dementia
• Delirium
• “Reversible” cognitive impairment

Published on: March 25, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Miliaria

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Miliaria
• Viral exanthem
• Milia
• Insect bites
• Folliculitis
• Drug eruption
• Candidiasis

Published on: March 25, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Miosis

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Miosis
• Neurosyphilis
• Medications (e.g., morphine, pilocarpine)
• Iritis
• Inflammation/irritation of cornea or conjunctiva
• Congenital
• CNS pontine lesion
• CNS infections
• Cavernous sinus thrombosis

Published on: March 25, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Mitral Regurgitation

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Mitral Regurgitation
• Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
• Tricuspid regurgitation
• Pulmonary regurgitation
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Published on: March 25, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Mitral Stenosis

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Mitral Stenosis
• Atrial septal defect
• Left atrial myxoma
• Other valvular abnormalities (e.g., tricuspid stenosis, mitral regurgitation)

Published on: March 25, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Mitral Valve Prolapse

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Mitral Valve Prolapse
• Constrictive pericarditis
• Other valvular abnormalities
• Ventricular aneurysm

Published on: March 25, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Molluscum Contagiosum

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Molluscum Contagiosum
• Basal cell carcinoma: multiple lesions are absent
• Cutaneous cryptococcosis in AIDS patients: budding yeasts will be present on cytologic examination of the lesions
• Folliculitis: no central umbilication, presence of hair piercing the pustule or papule
• Herpes simplex: lesions become rapidly umbilicated
• Varicella: blisters and vesicles are present
• Verruca plana (flat warts): no central umbilication, not dome shaped, irregular surface, can involve palms and soles

Published on: March 25, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Mongolian Spot

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Mongolian Spot
• Acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules
• Dermal melanocytic hamartoma (macular blue nevus)
• Late-onset dermal melanosis
• Nevus of Ito
• Trauma

Published on: March 25, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Acute Monoarthritis

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Acute Monoarthritis
• Amyloidosis, familial Mediterranean fever
• Avascular necrosis of bone
• Behçet’s syndrome
• Bone malignant neoplasm
• Bowel disease–associated arthritis
• Foreign body synovitis
• Gout
• Hemarthrosis
• Hemoglobinopathies
• Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy
• Infectious arthritis (e.g., gonococcal, Lyme disease, viral, mycobacteria, fungi)
• Juvenile RA
• Osteoarthritis
• Osteomyelitis
• Overuse
• Pseudogout
• Psoriatic arthritis
• Sarcoidosis
• Trauma
• Vasculitic syndromes

Published on: March 25, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Monocytosis

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Monocytosis
• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
• Lymphomas
• Monocytic leukemia
• Myeloma
• Neoplasms
• Parasites
• Sarcoidosis
• Viral diseases