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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Hyperprolactinemia
metoclopramide, estrogens, antihypertensives [methyldopa,
• Stress
• Prolactinomas (level >200 highly suggestive)
• Post partum
• Hypothyroidism
• Hypoglycemia
• Drugs (phenothiazines, cimetidine, tricyclic antidepressants, verapamil], haloperidol)
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
• Wegener’s granulomatosis
• Sarcoidosis
• Recurrent pneumonia
• Pulmonary embolism
• Churg-Strauss syndrome
• Chronic bronchitis
• Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP)
• Bronchiectasis
• Asthma
• Aspiration pneumonia
• Aspergillosis
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Hypersplenism
• Splenic congestion: cirrhosis; congestive heart failure (CHF); portal, splenic, or hepatic vein thrombosis
• Malignant disease: leukemia, lymphoma, polycythemia vera, myeloproliferative diseases, metastatic tumors
• Inflammatory diseases: Felty’s syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), sarcoidosis
• Infiltrative diseases: amyloidosis, Gaucher’s disease, Niemann-Pick disease, glycogen storage disease
• Infections: viral (hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus [CMV], HIV), bacterial (endocarditis, TB, brucellosis, Lyme), parasitic (malaria, leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, toxoplasmosis), fungal
• Hematologic causes: hemolytic anemia, sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, spherocytosis, elliptocytosis
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Hypertrichosis
DRUGS
• Dilantin
• Streptomycin
• Hexachlorobenzene
• Penicillamine
• Diazoxide
• Minoxidil
• Cyclosporine
SYSTEMIC ILLNESS
• Hypothyroidism
• Anorexia nervosa
• Malnutrition
• Porphyria
• Dermatomyositis
IDIOPATHIC
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Hypertriglyceridemia
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Pregnancy
• Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (DM)
• Pancreatitis
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Hypothyroidism
• Hyperlipoproteinemias (types I, IIb, III, IV, V)
• Glycogen storage disease
• Estrogens
• Diet high in saturated fats
• Alcohol intake
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Hyperuricemia
• Renal failure
• Myeloproliferative disorders
• Lead poisoning
• Hypothyroidism
• Hereditary enzyme deficiency (hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase)
• Gout
• Excessive cell lysis (chemotherapeutic agents, radiation therapy, leukemia, lymphoma, hemolytic anemia)
• Drugs (diuretics, low doses of aspirin, ethambutol, nicotinic acid)
• Diet high in purines or protein
• Acidosis
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Hyperimmunoglobulinemia
• IgA: lymphoproliferative disorders, Berger’s nephropathy, chronic infections, autoimmune disorders, liver disease
• IgE: allergic disorders, parasitic infections, immunologic disorders, IgE myeloma, AIDS, pemphigoid
• IgG: chronic granulomatous infections, infectious diseases, inflammation, myeloma, liver disease
• IgM: primary biliary cirrhosis, infectious diseases (brucellosis, malaria), Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia, liver disease
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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.