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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Hyperglycemia
• Stress
• Myocardial infarction (MI)
• Infections
• Impaired glucose tolerance
• Hemochromatosis
• Glucagonoma
• Drugs (glucocorticoids, diuretics [thiazides, loop diuretics])
• Diabetes mellitus (DM)
• Cushing’s syndrome
• Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
• Acute pancreatitis
• Acromegaly
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Hyperhidrosis
CORTICAL
• Emotional
• Familial dysautonomia
• Congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma
• Epidermolysis bullosa
• Nail-patella syndrome
• Jadassohn-Lewandowsky syndrome
• Pachyonychia congenita
• Palmoplantar keratoderma
HYPOTHALAMIC
Drugs
• Antipyretics
• Emetics
• Insulin
• Meperidine
Exercise
Infection
• Defervescence
• Chronic illness
Metabolic
• Debility
• Diabetes mellitus (DM)
• Hyperpituitarism
• Hyperthyroidism
• Hypoglycemia
• Obesity
• Porphyria
• Pregnancy
• Rickets
• Infantile scurvy
Cardiovascular
• Heart failure
• Shock
Vasomotor
• Cold injury
• Raynaud’s phenomenon
• Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Neurologic
• Abscess
• Familial dysautonomia
• Postencephalitic
• Tumor
Miscellaneous
• Chédiak-Higashi syndrome
• Compensatory
• Phenylketonuria (PKU)
• Pheochromocytoma
• Vitiligo
MEDULLARY
• Physiologic gustatory sweating
• Encephalitis
• Granulosis rubra nasi
• Syringomyelia
• Thoracic sympathetic trunk injury
SPINAL
• Cord transection
• Syringomyelia
CHANGES IN BLOOD FLOW
• Arteriovenous fistula
• Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome
• Glomus tumor
• Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
• Alzheimer’s disease with extrapyramidal features
• Cognitive impairment in the setting of Parkinson’s disease or Parkinson’s plus syndromes
• Diffuse Lewy body disease
• Frontotemporal dementia
• Cervical spondylosis with cord compromise in setting of degenerative dementia
• Multifactorial gait disorder
• Multi-infarct dementia
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Hydronephrosis
• Congenital abnormality of urinary tract
• Medication effects
• Neoplastic disease
• Neurologic disease
• Prostatic hypertrophy
• Trauma
• Urinary reflux
• Urinary stones
• Urinary tract infection (UTI)
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of  Hyperaldosteronism
• Diuretic use
• Hypokalemia from vomiting, diarrhea
• Other endocrine neoplasm (pheochromocytoma, deoxycorticosterone-producing tumor, renin-secreting tumor)
• Renovascular hypertension
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Hyperamylasemia
• Acute cholecystitis
• Acute ethanol ingestion
• Appendicitis
• Bulimia, anorexia nervosa
• Burns
• Carcinomatosis of lung, esophagus, ovary
• Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
• Drugs (morphine)
• Intestinal infarction
• Intestinal obstruction
• Macroamylasemia
• Mumps
• Pancreatic abscess
• Pancreatic neoplasm
• Pancreatic pseudocyst
• Pancreatitis (acute or chronic)
• Perforated peptic ulcer
• Peritonitis
• Post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
• Prostate tumors
• Renal insufficiency
• Ruptured ectopic pregnancy
• Salivary gland inflammation
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Total Hyperbilirubinemia
• Drugs (steroids, diphenylhydantoin, phenothiazines, penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, captopril, amphotericin B, sulfonamides, azathioprine, isoniazid, 5-aminosalicylic acid,
• Hemolysis
• Hepatic congestion resulting from congestive heart failure (CHF)
• Hereditary disorders (Gilbert’s disease, Dubin-Johnson syndrome)
• Liver disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis, cholangitis, neoplasm, biliary obstruction, infectious mononucleosis)
• Pulmonary embolism or infarct
allopurinol, methyldopa, indomethacin, halothane, oral contraceptives, procainamide, tolbutamide, labetalol)
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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.