Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Esophagitis
• Aphthous ulcers
• Candidiasis
• Cytomegalovirus
• Gastroesophageal reflux
• Herpes simplex virus
• HIV infection, acute
• Mucositis from cancer chemotherapy
• Mucositis from radiation therapy
Picture
Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Esotropia
• Wernicke’s encephalopathy
• Thyroid myopathy
• Pseudo–sixth nerve palsy
• Posterior internuclear ophthalmoplegia
• Myasthenia gravis
• Medial rectus entrapment (e.g., blowout fracture)
• Congenital
• Chiari malformation
• Accommodative esotropia
• Abducens palsy
Picture
Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of  Essential Tremor
• Wilson’s disease: wing-beating tremor that is most pronounced with shoulders abducted, elbows flexed, and fingers pointing toward each other. There are usually other neurologic abnormalities, including dysarthria, dystonia, and Kayser- Fleischer rings on ophthalmologic examination.
• Parkinson’s disease: tremor is usually asymmetric, especially early in the disease, and it is predominantly a resting tremor. Patients with Parkinson’s disease will also have increased tone, decreased facial expression, slowness of movement, and shuffling gait.
• Drug induced: many drugs enhance normal, physiologic tremor. These include caffeine, nicotine, lithium, levothyroxine, β- adrenergic bronchodilators, valproate, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
• Cerebellar tremor: an intention tremor that increases at the end of a goal-directed movement (such as finger to nose testing). Other associated neurologic abnormalities include ataxia, dysarthria, and difficulty with tandem gait.
Picture
Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of  Exanthems
• Varicella
• Staphylococcal scalded skin
• Scarlet fever
• Rubella
• Roseola exanthema
• Rocky Mountain spotted fever
• Meningococcemia
• Measles
• Kawasaki’s disease
• Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)
• Epstein-Barr virus
• Enterovirus
• Adenovirus
Picture
Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Eyelid Neoplasm
MALIGNANT
• Melanoma
• Basal cell carcinoma
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Bowen’s disease
• Sebaceous cell carcinoma
• Metastatic lymphoma/leukemia
BENIGN
• Melanocytic nevus
• Pilar, eccrine, or apocrine tumor
• Neurofibroma
• Keratosis
• Squamous papilloma
• Keratoacanthoma
Picture
Published on
​Symptoms and  Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Eyelid Retraction
• Spheroid wing meningioma
• Proptosis
• Postsurgical
• Partial palsy of superior rectus muscle
• Paget’s disease of bone
• Myasthenia gravis
• Meningitis
• Horizontal gaze palsy
• Herpes zoster ophthalmicus
• Hepatic cirrhosis
• Guillain-Barré syndrome
• Graves’ ophthalmopathy
• Eyelid neoplasm
• Eye trauma
• Essential hypertension
• Encephalitis
• Down syndrome
• Disseminated sclerosis
• Cyclic oculomotor paralysis
• Contact lens wear
• Congenital
• Closed head injury
• Cerebellar disease
• Botulinum toxin injection
• Atopic dermatitis
Picture
Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Eye Pain
• Blepharitis
• Cerebral aneurysm
• Cerebral neoplasm
• Conjunctivitis
• Dry eyes
• Entropion
• Foreign body
• Glaucoma
• Headache
• Herpes zoster
• Inflammation of lacrimal gland
• Ingrown lashes
• Iridocyclitis
• Iritis
• Irritation or inflammation from eye drops, dust, cosmetics, and the
• Orbital or periorbital cellulitis/abscess
• Retrobulbar neuritis
• Sinusitis
• Tic douloureux
• Trauma
• Ultraviolet (UV) light
• Uveitis
Picture
Published on
​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Facial Pain
• Anxiety, somatization syndrome
• Carotidynia
• Cluster headache, “lower-half” headache
• Geniculate neuralgia
• Glossopharyngeal neuralgia
• Infection, abscess
• Postherpetic neuralgia
• Tic douloureux
• Trauma, post-traumatic neuralgia
Picture

Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.