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KembaraXtra-Psychology – Behavioural Cardiology
Behavioural cardiology is an interdisciplinary field examining how psychological factors such as stress, personality traits, coping styles, and lifestyle behaviors influence cardiovascular health. It integrates principles from psychology, medicine, and physiology to understand how emotional regulation, social relationships, and health behaviors contribute to heart disease risk and recovery. The field underscores the interaction between mind and body in chronic illness.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology – Backward Conditioning
Backward conditioning is a variation of classical conditioning in which the conditioned stimulus follows, rather than precedes, the unconditioned stimulus. This arrangement is generally less effective than forward conditioning.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology – Backward Association
Backward association refers to a learned connection in which a stimulus becomes associated with another stimulus or a response that occurs earlier in time. This type of association contrasts with forward association, in which the stimulus precedes the response.
Backward association refers to a learned connection in which a stimulus becomes associated with another stimulus or a response that occurs earlier in time. This type of association contrasts with forward association, in which the stimulus precedes the response.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology – Back Vowel
A back vowel is a speech sound articulated with the tongue positioned toward the back of the mouth. Examples include vowel sounds found in words such as goose, lot, and thaw. Back vowels contrast with front vowels and central vowels based on tongue placement.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology – Back Slang
Back slang is a form of secret or coded speech in which words are spoken backwards or approximately backwards. Historically documented in Britain among various social groups, it includes examples such as yob for boy and tekram for market, and similar systems have been reported in other cultures worldwide.
Back slang is a form of secret or coded speech in which words are spoken backwards or approximately backwards. Historically documented in Britain among various social groups, it includes examples such as yob for boy and tekram for market, and similar systems have been reported in other cultures worldwide.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology – Babinski Reflex
The Babinski reflex is an automatic neurological response in which the toes spread outward when the sole of the foot is firmly stroked. This reaction is normal in infants under approximately two years of age, reflecting immaturity of the corticospinal tract. In older children and adults, however, its presence—known as the Babinski sign—indicates possible neurological damage. As development progresses, the reflex is normally replaced by the plantar response, in which the toes curl downward. The phenomenon is named after the French neurologist Josef Babinski.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology – Back Mutation
A back mutation, also called a reversion, occurs when a second mutation reverses the effect of an earlier mutation, restoring the gene to its original or normal phenotype.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology – Back-Propagation Algorithm
The back-propagation algorithm is a learning method used in parallel distributed processing systems. A multilayer neural network adjusts its internal connection weights by comparing its output with a desired target output, calculating the error, and propagating corrections backward through the layers using gradient descent. This iterative process allows the system to learn complex input–output relationships and became influential through work by David Rumelhart and colleagues in the 1980s, building on earlier ideas by Frank Rosenblatt.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology – Backprop
Backprop is an informal abbreviation for the back-propagation algorithm, a widely used learning method in artificial neural networks.
Backprop is an informal abbreviation for the back-propagation algorithm, a widely used learning method in artificial neural networks.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology – Baby Talk
Baby talk is an imprecise term that can refer either to the simplified speech produced by young children or to the distinctive way adults modify their speech when addressing infants. In the latter case, it often involves exaggerated intonation, higher pitch, slower tempo, and simplified vocabulary. This adult speech style overlaps with concepts such as caretaker speech and motherese.
