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KembaraXtra-Psychology - auditory spectrum
Auditory spectrum is another name for audibility range, by analogy with the visible light spectrum.
Auditory spectrum is another name for audibility range, by analogy with the visible light spectrum.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology - auditory staircase illusion
The auditory staircase illusion is a sound analogue of the visual staircase illusion, discovered by Roger N. Shepard (born 1929) in 1964. It uses tones that are clear in pitch class (the 12 notes C through B) but ambiguous in octave because each tone combines equal-intensity sinusoidal components across multiple octaves; when such tones are played repeatedly in an ascending or descending sequence, listeners perceive a single endlessly rising or falling line rather than a repeating cycle. It is also called the illusion of circular pitch and relates to other musical paradoxes.
The auditory staircase illusion is a sound analogue of the visual staircase illusion, discovered by Roger N. Shepard (born 1929) in 1964. It uses tones that are clear in pitch class (the 12 notes C through B) but ambiguous in octave because each tone combines equal-intensity sinusoidal components across multiple octaves; when such tones are played repeatedly in an ascending or descending sequence, listeners perceive a single endlessly rising or falling line rather than a repeating cycle. It is also called the illusion of circular pitch and relates to other musical paradoxes.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology - auditory suffix effect
The auditory suffix effect is poorer memory for a word list when additional speech sounds or words are appended at the end during learning even though they are not to be remembered; non-speech sounds typically do not produce the same impairment. It is related to the precategorical acoustic store.
The auditory suffix effect is poorer memory for a word list when additional speech sounds or words are appended at the end during learning even though they are not to be remembered; non-speech sounds typically do not produce the same impairment. It is related to the precategorical acoustic store.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology - auditory system
The auditory system is a broad label for all nervous-system structures involved in hearing.
The auditory system is a broad label for all nervous-system structures involved in hearing.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology - attention
Attention is sustained concentration on selected stimuli, thoughts, sensations, or activities, enabling limited-capacity information-processing systems to manage the enormous amount of available input from the senses and memory. It is studied through many phenomena and models (e.g., filter and bottleneck theories, cocktail party effects, controlled vs automatic processing, inattentional blindness, visual search), and is contrasted with related notions such as attensity and consciousness; the word derives from Latin for “stretching toward” or applying the mind.
Attention is sustained concentration on selected stimuli, thoughts, sensations, or activities, enabling limited-capacity information-processing systems to manage the enormous amount of available input from the senses and memory. It is studied through many phenomena and models (e.g., filter and bottleneck theories, cocktail party effects, controlled vs automatic processing, inattentional blindness, visual search), and is contrasted with related notions such as attensity and consciousness; the word derives from Latin for “stretching toward” or applying the mind.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology - attentional dyslexia
Attentional dyslexia is a rare dyslexia type in which a person can read single words or name single letters presented alone normally, but struggles when two or more words or letters are shown at the same time, indicating difficulty handling simultaneous visual-verbal items; it is linked with hyperlexia.
Attentional dyslexia is a rare dyslexia type in which a person can read single words or name single letters presented alone normally, but struggles when two or more words or letters are shown at the same time, indicating difficulty handling simultaneous visual-verbal items; it is linked with hyperlexia.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology - attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
ADHD is a DSM-5 neurodevelopmental disorder affecting roughly about 5% of children and about 2.5% of adults, more frequent in boys than girls, defined by persistent patterns of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. Symptoms begin before age 12 and cause impairment across settings (school/work/home), with inattention showing up as poor persistence, drifting off task, and loss of focus; hyperactivity as fidgeting, tapping, unnecessary running about, and restlessness; and impulsivity as hasty decisions, risky behaviour, intrusiveness, and preference for immediate over delayed gratification. Presentations include predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, and combined types, and the condition has substantial heritability. It is no longer viewed primarily as an “attention disorder,” but as a developmental difficulty involving inhibition and self-control linked to brain regions such as the caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, prefrontal cortex, and cerebellar vermis, which communicate via dopamine and may be smaller in affected individuals. It has also been called ADD and minimal brain dysfunction (MBD), relates to treatments such as atomoxetine and methylphenidate, and is compared with hyperkinesis, hyperkinetic disorders, intermittent explosive disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder.
ADHD is a DSM-5 neurodevelopmental disorder affecting roughly about 5% of children and about 2.5% of adults, more frequent in boys than girls, defined by persistent patterns of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. Symptoms begin before age 12 and cause impairment across settings (school/work/home), with inattention showing up as poor persistence, drifting off task, and loss of focus; hyperactivity as fidgeting, tapping, unnecessary running about, and restlessness; and impulsivity as hasty decisions, risky behaviour, intrusiveness, and preference for immediate over delayed gratification. Presentations include predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, and combined types, and the condition has substantial heritability. It is no longer viewed primarily as an “attention disorder,” but as a developmental difficulty involving inhibition and self-control linked to brain regions such as the caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, prefrontal cortex, and cerebellar vermis, which communicate via dopamine and may be smaller in affected individuals. It has also been called ADD and minimal brain dysfunction (MBD), relates to treatments such as atomoxetine and methylphenidate, and is compared with hyperkinesis, hyperkinetic disorders, intermittent explosive disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology - attention operating characteristic
An attention operating characteristic (AOC) is a form of performance operating characteristic used in attention research, graphing performance on one task against performance on another when both are performed at the same time and attention is periodically shifted between them.
An attention operating characteristic (AOC) is a form of performance operating characteristic used in attention research, graphing performance on one task against performance on another when both are performed at the same time and attention is periodically shifted between them.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology - attention span
Attention span can mean (1) how long a person can keep attending to something, or (2) the same concept as the span of apprehension; it connects with ideas such as chunking and the “magical number seven.”
Attention span can mean (1) how long a person can keep attending to something, or (2) the same concept as the span of apprehension; it connects with ideas such as chunking and the “magical number seven.”
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KembaraXtra-Psychology - attenuation
Attenuation means a weakening or reduction in force or value. In statistics, it specifically refers to a correlation being smaller than its true theoretical magnitude because of measurement error in one or both variables. A common correction assumes errors are uncorrelated with true scores and with each other, and estimates the true correlation as the observed correlation divided by the geometric mean of the measures’ reliabilities; the term comes from Latin meaning “to make thin.”
Attenuation means a weakening or reduction in force or value. In statistics, it specifically refers to a correlation being smaller than its true theoretical magnitude because of measurement error in one or both variables. A common correction assumes errors are uncorrelated with true scores and with each other, and estimates the true correlation as the observed correlation divided by the geometric mean of the measures’ reliabilities; the term comes from Latin meaning “to make thin.”
