psychology 

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Psychology Terms - alarm signal
​A sound or message produced by a bird or animal in reaction to a danger or threat, which is acknowledged by other members of the same species as a signal to initiate evasive measures. It is occasionally categorized as a form of altruism, as it highlights the one issuing the alarm signal and may subject them to increased peril.



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Psychology Terms - Alarm reaction
The initial phase of the *general adaptation syndrome to *stress (1), marked by an initial decrease in body temperature and blood pressure, succeeded by a countershock phase wherein hormones such as *cortisol (hydrocortisone), *adrenalin (epinephrine), and *noradrenalin (norepinephrine) are released into the bloodstream, initiating a biological defensive response.


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Psychology Terms -Alarm pheromone
A pheromone emitted by an animal as an alarm signal, provoking a fear or panic response in conspecifics.


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Psychology Terms – Akrasia
A deficiency of willpower, or the act of contravening one's superior judgment. The notion was extensively examined by the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384–322 BC) in Nicomachean Ethics (Book 7), where he differentiated akrasia and its associated virtue, self-control, from self-indulgence and its related virtue, temperance. Aristotle exemplified the dichotomy through the act of consuming sweet foods: 'The former [the self-indulgent individual] is guided by his own volition, believing he should perpetually seek immediate gratification; whereas the latter [the akrates] does not share this belief yet nonetheless engages in the pursuit.' (Bekker edition, p. 1146b).


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Psychology Terms – Akinesia
A reduction in spontaneous motor activity and a diminishment of normal gestures, occasionally resulting from a lesion in the supplementary motor region. Akinetopsia is a perceptual disorder marked by the inability to sense motion; stationary objects are visible, but their movement causes them to vanish. This condition is typically linked to a lesion in Area V5 (also known as MT) of the visual cortex, located at the posterior aspect of the middle temporal gyrus.


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Psychology Terms - Akinaesthesia
The absence of kinaesthesis or muscular sensibility, typically arising from central nervous system impairment. Also referred to as akinaesthesis.


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Psychology Terms – Alexia
A condition characterized by the inability to read written or printed words, commonly referred to as dyslexia, also known as visual aphasia or, in non-technical terms, word blindness.


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