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KembaraXtra-Psychology – Back Vowel
A back vowel is a speech sound articulated with the tongue positioned toward the back of the mouth. Examples include vowel sounds found in words such as goose, lot, and thaw. Back vowels contrast with front vowels and central vowels based on tongue placement.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology – Backward Association
Backward association refers to a learned connection in which a stimulus becomes associated with another stimulus or a response that occurs earlier in time. This type of association contrasts with forward association, in which the stimulus precedes the response.
Backward association refers to a learned connection in which a stimulus becomes associated with another stimulus or a response that occurs earlier in time. This type of association contrasts with forward association, in which the stimulus precedes the response.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology – Backward Conditioning
Backward conditioning is a variation of classical conditioning in which the conditioned stimulus follows, rather than precedes, the unconditioned stimulus. This arrangement is generally less effective than forward conditioning.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology – Balance Theory
Balance theory is a cognitive consistency theory of attitudes and person perception developed by Fritz Heider and later expanded by Theodore Newcomb. It models relationships among a person, another individual, and an attitude object as positive or negative links, predicting that imbalanced configurations create psychological tension that motivates changes toward balance.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology – Bandwidth
Bandwidth refers to the range of frequencies over which a sensory system, communication channel, or signal-processing mechanism operates effectively. In human hearing, bandwidth corresponds to the audible frequency range, approximately 16 to 20,000 hertz, within which sound waves can be detected and processed. Broader bandwidths allow for richer, more detailed information transmission, whereas narrower bandwidths limit the complexity of signals that can be conveyed. The concept is central to understanding sensory limits, communication systems, and information processing capacity.
Bandwidth refers to the range of frequencies over which a sensory system, communication channel, or signal-processing mechanism operates effectively. In human hearing, bandwidth corresponds to the audible frequency range, approximately 16 to 20,000 hertz, within which sound waves can be detected and processed. Broader bandwidths allow for richer, more detailed information transmission, whereas narrower bandwidths limit the complexity of signals that can be conveyed. The concept is central to understanding sensory limits, communication systems, and information processing capacity.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology – Balanced Scale
A balanced scale is a psychometric instrument designed to minimize response biases, particularly acquiescence. It typically includes an equal number of positively and negatively keyed items so that agreement or disagreement alone does not systematically distort scores.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology – Balanced Polymorphism
Balanced polymorphism refers to a stable genetic situation in which two or more alleles of a gene are maintained in a population at relatively constant frequencies. This equilibrium may be supported by selective advantages such as heterosis and is often discussed in relation to Hardy–Weinberg principles.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology – Balanced Bilingual
A balanced bilingual is a person who demonstrates approximately equal proficiency in two languages. This contrasts with unbalanced bilingualism, in which one language is clearly dominant.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology – Backward Span
Backward span is a measure of short-term memory in which individuals are required to recall a sequence of items, typically numbers, in reverse order. This task is included in several standardized intelligence tests.
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KembaraXtra-Psychology – Backward Masking
Backward masking occurs when perception of a stimulus is weakened or eliminated because it is quickly followed by another stimulus. In visual masking, for example, a later image can prevent conscious awareness of an earlier one. Related concepts include metacontrast, auditory masking, and simultaneous masking.
Backward masking occurs when perception of a stimulus is weakened or eliminated because it is quickly followed by another stimulus. In visual masking, for example, a later image can prevent conscious awareness of an earlier one. Related concepts include metacontrast, auditory masking, and simultaneous masking.
