psychology 

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KembaraXtra-Psychology - autogynephilia
Autogynephilia is a paraphilia in which a person assigned male at birth experiences sexual arousal from imagining themself as a woman.


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - autism spectrum disorder
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a DSM-5 neurodevelopmental disorder defined by persistent impairments in social interaction and communication plus restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, and activities. Symptoms begin early, though they may become more obvious later as social demands increase; they must cause clinically significant impairment and must not be better explained by intellectual disability or general developmental delay. Features may include limited emotional responsiveness, poor reciprocity, difficulty forming peer relationships, delayed or absent speech, stereotyped/idiosyncratic language and nonverbal behaviour (including gaze aversion), insistence on sameness, and ritualized mannerisms. DSM-5 reports prevalence around 1% in both child and adult samples in the US and other countries. The condition was described by Leo Kanner (1894–1981) in 1943 and Hans Asperger (1906–80) in 1944 and has also been called autistic disorder, childhood autism, infantile autism, and Kanner’s syndrome; it relates to topics such as theory of mind and mirror neurons and is compared with ADHD, Rett’s disorder, schizophrenia, and selective mutism.


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - autonomous speech
Autonomous speech is an invented language understood only by its creator(s), such as secret twin languages often appearing around the second year of life. It is also called idioglossia or cryptophasia.


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - autonomic nervous system
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is the largely self-regulating part of the vertebrate nervous system controlling involuntary bodily functions such as cardiovascular, digestive, reproductive, and respiratory activity. It is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems and is contrasted with the somatic nervous system.


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - autonomy versus shame and doubt
Autonomy versus shame and doubt is one of Erik Erikson’s (1902–94) developmental crises, referring to a key stage conflict in psychosocial development.


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - autoplastic
Autoplastic describes adaptation achieved by changing the self rather than the environment, and it is contrasted with alloplastic adaptation.


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - autoreceptor
An autoreceptor is a receptor for a neurotransmitter located on the same neuron that releases that neurotransmitter—often on presynaptic membranes—helping monitor and regulate synthesis and release levels.


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KembaraXtra-Psychology - autoregression
Autoregression is a time-series property where each value can be expressed as a linear function of a preceding value (first-order) or multiple preceding values (higher-order). Even first-order autoregression gives the series “memory” because each value becomes correlated with earlier ones. It relates to ARIMA models, autocorrelation, and correlograms.


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