LAW

Published on
KembaraXtra-Case Law-Emeh v Kensington and Chelsea and Westminster AHA (1985)
Core Principle: A plaintiff's own act can only be considered a novus actus interveniens (a new intervening act breaking the chain of causation) if it was unreasonable.
I. Facts of the Case:
  • Plaintiff underwent sterilization concurrently with an abortion, allegedly performed negligently.
  • Plaintiff discovered subsequent pregnancy at 20 weeks gestation.
  • Plaintiff chose to continue the pregnancy.
  • Child was born with congenital abnormalities.
  • Plaintiff sought damages for:
    • Pregnancy
    • Birth
    • Costs of raising a handicapped child
II. Initial Court Ruling:
  • The trial judge initially ruled that the plaintiff's decision not to have an abortion constituted a novus actus interveniens.
III. Court of Appeal Decision:
  • Appeal Allowed: The Court of Appeal overturned the initial ruling.
  • Damages Awarded: Damages were awarded to cover the full extent of the consequences resulting from the defendant's negligence.
  • Reasoning (Slade LJ): The court should rarely (only in the most exceptional cases) deem it unreasonable for a woman to refuse an abortion.
IV. Significance & Implications:
  • This case clarifies the threshold for a plaintiff's actions to break the chain of causation in negligence claims. It establishes a high bar for deeming a woman's decision to continue a pregnancy as "unreasonable."
  • While subsequent House of Lords rulings (unspecified in this extract) have restricted damages for raising a healthy child after a "wrongful birth," damages are still recoverable for the additional costs associated with raising a disabled child in such circumstances.




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