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Shariah-Educating the Individual (Tahdhīb al-Fard)
Main Notes
1) Example of ʿIbādah → Prayer
Qur’ān Verse
“And perform as-ṣalāh (prayer). Surely prayer keeps one away from indecency and evil, and certainly the remembrance of Allah is the greatest.”
— Surah Al-‘Ankabūt (29): 45
Note-form Summary
2) Education in Muʿāmalah (Dealings)
Qur’ān Verse
“O you who believe! Do not eat your property among yourselves unjustly, except if it is a trade with mutual consent… Do not kill yourselves. Surely Allah is Merciful to you.”
— Surah Al-Nisā’ (4): 29
Note-form Summary
3) Contracts in Islam
4) Crimes and Punishment
Qur’ān Verse
“The woman and the man guilty of illegal sexual intercourse – flog each of them with 100 lashes…”
— Surah Al-Nūr (24): 2
Note-form Summary
Main Notes
- One main objective of Sharī‘ah is to educate individuals.
- Sharī‘ah injunctions help people grow in faith, honesty, righteousness, trustworthiness.
- When individuals are reformed, society becomes better.
- Sharī‘ah rules related to:
- ʿIbādah (worship)
- Muʿāmalah (transactions)
- Jināyah (criminal laws)
- Purpose:
- Make Muslims responsible members of society.
- Prevent harm to others.
- ʿIbādah purifies the heart from:
- Corruption
- Selfishness
- Excessive material desire
1) Example of ʿIbādah → Prayer
Qur’ān Verse
“And perform as-ṣalāh (prayer). Surely prayer keeps one away from indecency and evil, and certainly the remembrance of Allah is the greatest.”
— Surah Al-‘Ankabūt (29): 45
Note-form Summary
- Salāh involves mental + physical training.
- Leads to inner perfection.
- Brings person closer to Allah.
- Other ʿibādah also aims for same benefit:
- Fasting
- Zakāh
- Ḥajj
2) Education in Muʿāmalah (Dealings)
- Sharī‘ah aims to educate people to:
- Be just
- Be honest
- Be trustworthy
- Agree by mutual consent
- Have social responsibility
Qur’ān Verse
“O you who believe! Do not eat your property among yourselves unjustly, except if it is a trade with mutual consent… Do not kill yourselves. Surely Allah is Merciful to you.”
— Surah Al-Nisā’ (4): 29
Note-form Summary
- Business must be honest.
- Must be based on mutual consent.
- Unjust wealth is forbidden.
- Do not harm yourself or others.
3) Contracts in Islam
- Permitted contracts:
- Sale
- Lease
- Hire
- Prohibited contracts:
- Usury (ribā)
- Gambling
- Gharar (uncertainty)
- Ambiguous contracts
- Goal: Protect society and fairness.
4) Crimes and Punishment
- Punishment in Sharī‘ah aims to:
- Discipline wrongdoer
- Prevent others from crime
- Public execution of punishment:
- Creates awareness
- Stops repetition of crime
Qur’ān Verse
“The woman and the man guilty of illegal sexual intercourse – flog each of them with 100 lashes…”
— Surah Al-Nūr (24): 2
Note-form Summary
- Zina (illegal intercourse) punishment is 100 lashes.
- Must be witnessed by believers.
- Purpose:
- Strong message
- Prevents future crimes
- Reduces negative effects on society
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