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Symptoms and Signs- Differential Diagnosis of Platelets
Reduced Production
Bone marrow failure
Platelets 79
Myeloma, myelofibrosis, marrow infiltration (lymphoma, carcinoma), anaemia
(megaloblastic, aplastic), leukaemia
Drugs: (cytotoxics, chloramphenicol, alcohol), radiotherapy
Reduced Megakaryocytes: chemicals, drugs (e.g. co-trimoxazole), viral infection

Increased Destruction/consumption
Autoimmune (ITP)
SLE, CLL, lymphoma
Infections (malaria, viral, e.g. HIV)
Drugs (e.g. analgesics, antibiotics, anticonvulsant, anti-diabetics, heparin,
quinine, quinidine)
DIC, TIP, HUS
Sequestration: splenic pooling due to splenomegaly
Dilutional loss (massive transfusion of stored blood)
Artifactual: blood clotting in the samplep

Functional disorders
Bernard-Soulier disease
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
Storage pool disease
Liver disease, myeloproliferative disorders, paraproteinaemia, aspirin, uraemia


Increased Platelets (thrombocytosis)
Secondary
Blood loss
Infection
Inflammation (e.g. Kawasaki's disease)
Mailgnancy (e.g. Hodgkin's disease)
Splenectomy
Trauma/surgery

Primary
Essential thrombocythaemia
Polycythaemia vera
Myelofibrosis (initially, later thrombocytopenia)
Myelodysplasia
CML


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Symtpms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Paraesthesiae
Spinal cord disease, e.g. cord/nerve root compression, multiple sclerosis
Rarely: cortical/thalamic lesions
Peripheral neuropathy, e.g. diabetes mellitus, alcoholism etc.
Peripheral nerve entrapment/compression, e.g. cervical rib, carpal tunnel syndrome, disc herniation)
Hypocalcaemia, e.g. in respiratory alkalosis, hypomagnesaemia




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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Parotid enlargement
Bilateral
Sj0gren's syndrome
Sarcoidosis
Lymphoma
Infection: mumps, HIV
Diabetics, hypertriglyceridaemia
Anorexia
Alcoholics
Acromegaly

Unilateral
Tumours, e.g. benign mixed parotid tumour, Warthin's tumour
Cysts
Calculi
Bacterial infection


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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Palpitations
Fever, exercise, anaemia, pregnancy
Drugs (caffeine, nicotine, salbutamol, anticholinergics, vasodilators, cocaine)
Cardiac: any arrhythmia* (e.g. AF, extrasystoles, SVT, VT), pacemaker, valvular disease, cardiac shunts, cardiomyopathy, atrial myxoma
Endocrine: hyperthyroidism, phaeochromocytomas, hypoglycaemia, mastocytosis
Psychiatric: panic attacks, generalized anxiety disorder, depression, somatization


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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Pancytopenia
SLE, sepsis, hypersplenism, paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH)
Radiation
Myeloma
Myelofibrosis
Metastasis
Megaloblastic anaemia
Marrow infiltration
Lymphoma
Leukaemia (acute)
Infection: HIV, viral hepatitis, measles
Idiopathic
Drugs: chloramphenicol, cytotoxics, gold
Congenital: Fanconi's
Chemicals: benzene, insecticides
Aplastic anaemia



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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.