Medicine - kembara Xtra

Published on: April 25, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Reticulonodular shadows

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Reticulonodular shadows
Pulmonary fibrosis:
Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis
Connective tissue diseases: scleroderma, SLE, sarcoidosis, rheumatoid arthritis,
ankylosing spondylitis
Drugs (amiodarone, busulphan, bleomycin, nitrofurantoin), radiation
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (e.g. farmers' lung, bird fancier's lung, malt worker's
lung)
Pneumoconioses (coal workers' pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, silicosis, berylliosis)

Published on: April 25, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Reticulonodular shadows {classified according to the lung zones in which they commonly occur)

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Reticulonodular shadows {classified according to the lung zones in which they commonly occur)
Upper zone: allergic bronchopulmoary aspergillosis, radiation, extrinsic allergic
alveolitis, ankylosing spondylitis, sarcoidosis, TB (commonest)
Middle zone: sarcoidosis
Lower zone: cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, drugs, asbestosis, rheumatoid
arthritis, scleroderma

Published on: April 25, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of White hemithorax

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of White hemithorax
Pneumonectomy
Large pleural effusion
Congenital absence of lung/extensive hypoplasia
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Published on: April 25, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Morphine
Leh ventricular failure
Brainstem lesions or compression (e.g. stroke, increased intracranial pressure)

Published on: April 24, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Carotenaemia

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Carotenaemia
Excess carrots, oranges, mangoes
Hypothyroidism
Lipoproteinaemia

Published on: April 24, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Carpal tunnel syndrome

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Carpal tunnel syndrome
Trauma, manual occupations
Rheumatoid arthritis
Pregnancy, oral contraception (fluid retention)
Osteoarthritis
Obesity
Myxoedema
Idiopathic
Fracture (local deformity)
Diabetes mellitus
Amyloidosis (e.g. 132-microglobulin related amyloidosis in chronic renal failure)
Acromegaly
(T Triglycerides can cause dysaethesias similar to carpal tunnel syndrome)

Published on: April 24, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Breast pain

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Breast pain
Malignancy
Infection (breast abscess, mastitis)
Fat necrosis
Duct ectasia
Cyclical breast pain
Chest wall pain: costochondritis, superficial thrombophlebitis
Breast pain continued

Published on: April 24, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Reduced Breath sounds

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Reduced Breath sounds
Pneumothorax
Pleural effusion
Emphysema
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Published on: April 24, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Breathlessness

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Breathlessness
Acute {minutes)
Pulmonary embolism
Pneumothorax
Foreign body
Anxiety
Anaphylaxis

Subacute {hours)
Metabolic acidosis
Left ventricular failure (pulmonary oedema)
COPD
Chest infection (bacterial, viral, fungal, TB)
Asthma

Chronic {days-weeks)
Recurrent pulmonary emboli
Pulmonary hypertension
Pulmonary fibrosis (cryptogenic, connective tissue diseases, drugs, environmental/ occupational lung disease)
Neuromuscular disorders, chest wall deformities
Lung cancer
Hepatorenal syndrome
COPD
Cirrhotic hydrothorax
Chest infection, bronchiectasis
Cardiac disease (heart failure, arrhythmias, valvular heart disease)
Asthma
Anaemia

Published on: April 24, 2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Bronchial breathing

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Bronchial breathing
Lung cancer
Fibrosis
Consolidation (pneumonia)
Abscess
Above pleural effusion