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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Papulosquamous Diseases
• Tinea versicolor
• Secondary syphilis
• Psoriasis
• Pityriasis rubra pilaris
• Pityriasis rosea
• Pityriasis lichenoides
• Parapsoriasis
• Mycosis fungoides
• Lichen planus
• Lichen nitidus
• Dermatophytosis
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes
• Stiff-man syndrome
• Sensory neuropathy
• Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
• Optic neuritis, uveitis, retinopathy
• Myasthenia gravis
• Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
• Guillain-Barré syndrome
• Encephalomyelitis
• Dermatomyositis
• Cerebellar degeneration
• Carcinoid myopathy
• Brachial neuritis
• Autonomic neuropathy
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Pancytopenia
PANCYTOPENIA WITH HYPOCELLULAR BONE MARROW
• Acquired aplastic anemia
• Inherited aplastic anemia (Fanconi’s anemia and others)
• Some myelodysplasia syndromes
• Rare aleukemic leukemia (acute myelogenous leukemia)
• Some acute lymphoblastic leukemias
• Some lymphomas of bone marrow
PANCYTOPENIA WITH CELLULAR BONE MARROW
• Primary bone marrow diseases
• Myelodysplasia syndromes
• Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
• Myelofibrosis
• Some aleukemic leukemias
• Myelophthisis
• Bone marrow lymphoma
• Hairy cell leukemia
• Secondary to systemic diseases
• Systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren’s syndrome
• Hypersplenism
• Vitamin B12, folate deficiency (familial defect)
• Overwhelming infection
• Alcohol
• Brucellosis, ehrlichiosis, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis,* and atypical mycobacteria
HYPOCELLULAR BONE MARROW ± CYTOPENIA
• Q fever
• Legionnaires’ disease
• Mycobacteria tuberculosis
• Anorexia nervosa, starvation
• Hypothyroidism
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer
• Primary peritoneal cancer
• Primary cancer from breast, GI tract, or other pelvic organ metastasized to the ovary
• Pelvic kidney
• Pedunculated uterine fibroid
• Ovarian torsion
• Functional ovarian cyst
• Endometriosis
• Benign ovarian tumor
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Ovarian Mass
• Uterine fibroid
• Tubo-ovarian abscess
• Retroperitoneal cyst/neoplasm
• Pelvic kidney
• Paraovarian cyst
• Ovarian torsion
• Non-neoplastic tumors of ovary: germinal inclusion cyst, follicle cyst, corpus luteum cyst, pregnancy luteoma, theca lutein cysts, sclerocystic ovaries, endometrioma
• Malignant neoplasm: ovary, fallopian tube, colon
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Diverticular abscess/diverticulitis
• Distended bladder
• Appendiceal abscess/appendicitis (especially in children)
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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Ovulatory Dysfunction
HYPERANDROGENIC ANOVULATION
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasias
• Ovarian hyperthecosis
• Androgen-producing ovarian tumors
• Androgen-producing adrenal tumors
• Cushing’s syndrome
HYPOESTROGENIC ANOVULATION (HYPOTHALAMIC OR
PITUITARY ETIOLOGY)
Hypogonadotropic Hypoestrogenic States
• Reversible
• Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, excessive weight loss), excessive athletic training
• Neoplastic: craniopharyngioma, pituitary stalk compression
• Infiltrative diseases: histiocytosis X, sarcoidosis
• Hypophysitis
• Pituitary adenomas: hyperprolactinemia, euprolactinemic galactorrhea
• Endocrinopathies: hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism, Cushing’s disease
• Irreversible
• Kallmann’s syndrome
• Isolated gonadotropin deficiency (hypothalamic or pituitary origin)
• Panhypopituitarism/pituitary insufficiency: Sheehan’s syndrome, pituitary apoplexy, pituitary irradiation or ablation
Hypergonadotropic Hypoestrogenic States
• Physiologic states: menopause, perimenopause
• Premature ovarian failure
• Immune related: radiation therapy/chemotherapy induced
• Ovarian dysgenesis
• Turner’s syndrome
• 46XX with mutations of X
• Androgen insensitivity syndrome
MISCELLANEOUS
• Endometriosis
• Luteal phase defect
* Spontaneous, multivector, chaotic eye movement.
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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.