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Pathology - Gastric Carcinoma
Chronic gastritis is one of the risk factors. Consumption of nitrosamines in the diet with high sodium intake
Prevalent among males over the age of 50 and individuals with blood type A.
Intestinal type: The lesion appears as a necrotic base with uneven and raised edges, typically found in the smaller curvature of the antrum or prepyloric region. Microscopic: Formation of glands composed of cells that produce mucin.
Diffuse type: Macroscopically, there is an infiltrative process that results in a stiff stomach wall, known as linitis plastica or leather bottle stomach. The gastric wall contains clusters of microscopic gastric-type mucous cells, often known as signet-ring cells.
Early, aggressive, and localized metastasis to the lymph nodes and liver is visible.
The patient exhibits symptoms of anorexia, weight loss, vomiting, and persistent gnawing epigastric discomfort that is unresponsive to antacids.
Laboratory results: Anemia characterized by decreased color and small red blood cells.
Performing surgical removal of a tumor, either with or without administering chemotherapy before and after the surgery.
Virchow node refers to the spread of stomach or other gastrointestinal (GI) cancer that involves the left supraclavicular node.
A Krukenberg tumor refers to the bilateral spread of gastrointestinal cancer, typically originating from the stomach, to the ovaries.
The tumor has a high presence of mucus and signet-ring cells when examined under a microscope.
Acanthosis nigricans is a condition characterized by increased pigmentation and thickening of the skin in the flexural areas. The findings indicate the presence of a visceral malignancy, such as gastric, pulmonary, mammary, or uterine cancer.
Chronic gastritis is one of the risk factors. Consumption of nitrosamines in the diet with high sodium intake
Prevalent among males over the age of 50 and individuals with blood type A.
Intestinal type: The lesion appears as a necrotic base with uneven and raised edges, typically found in the smaller curvature of the antrum or prepyloric region. Microscopic: Formation of glands composed of cells that produce mucin.
Diffuse type: Macroscopically, there is an infiltrative process that results in a stiff stomach wall, known as linitis plastica or leather bottle stomach. The gastric wall contains clusters of microscopic gastric-type mucous cells, often known as signet-ring cells.
Early, aggressive, and localized metastasis to the lymph nodes and liver is visible.
The patient exhibits symptoms of anorexia, weight loss, vomiting, and persistent gnawing epigastric discomfort that is unresponsive to antacids.
Laboratory results: Anemia characterized by decreased color and small red blood cells.
Performing surgical removal of a tumor, either with or without administering chemotherapy before and after the surgery.
Virchow node refers to the spread of stomach or other gastrointestinal (GI) cancer that involves the left supraclavicular node.
A Krukenberg tumor refers to the bilateral spread of gastrointestinal cancer, typically originating from the stomach, to the ovaries.
The tumor has a high presence of mucus and signet-ring cells when examined under a microscope.
Acanthosis nigricans is a condition characterized by increased pigmentation and thickening of the skin in the flexural areas. The findings indicate the presence of a visceral malignancy, such as gastric, pulmonary, mammary, or uterine cancer.
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Symptoms and Sign – Differential Diagnosis of Contact Dermatitis (Contact Eczema)
• Sunburn
• Seborrheic dermatitis
• Scabies
• Psoriasis
• Nummular eczema
• Lichen simplex chronicus
• Insect bites
• Impetigo
• Candidiasis
• Atopic dermatitis
• Sunburn
• Seborrheic dermatitis
• Scabies
• Psoriasis
• Nummular eczema
• Lichen simplex chronicus
• Insect bites
• Impetigo
• Candidiasis
• Atopic dermatitis
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Symptoms and Sign – Differential Diagnosis of Conversion Disorder
• Factitious disorder (e.g., Munchausen’s syndrome): dysfunction is consciously created for the purpose of assuming the patient role.
• Malingering: dysfunction is consciously created for the purpose of secondary gain or avoidance of noxious duties.
• Somatization: a related disorder in which psychological difficulties are manifested with a wide range of somatic complaints that
affect several organ systems.
• Factitious disorder (e.g., Munchausen’s syndrome): dysfunction is consciously created for the purpose of assuming the patient role.
• Malingering: dysfunction is consciously created for the purpose of secondary gain or avoidance of noxious duties.
• Somatization: a related disorder in which psychological difficulties are manifested with a wide range of somatic complaints that
affect several organ systems.
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Symptoms and Sign – Differential Diagnosis of Corneal Abrasion
• Acute angle glaucoma
• Foreign body in the cornea (be certain it is not a keratitis)
• Herpes ulcers and other corneal ulcers
• Acute angle glaucoma
• Foreign body in the cornea (be certain it is not a keratitis)
• Herpes ulcers and other corneal ulcers
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Symptoms and Sign – Differential Diagnosis of Decreased Corneal Sensation
• Herpes (simplex, zoster)
• Contact lens wear
• Topical agents (NSAIDs, anesthetics, b-blockers)
• Diabetes
• Eye trauma
• Post surgery
• Herpes (simplex, zoster)
• Contact lens wear
• Topical agents (NSAIDs, anesthetics, b-blockers)
• Diabetes
• Eye trauma
• Post surgery
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Symptoms and Sign – Differential Diagnosis Corneal Ulceration
• Herpes simplex infection or disease caused by other viruses
• Moraxella, Staphylococcus, alpha-streptococcus infection—less
• Pseudomonas and pneumococcus infection—virulent
• Herpes simplex infection or disease caused by other viruses
• Moraxella, Staphylococcus, alpha-streptococcus infection—less
• Pseudomonas and pneumococcus infection—virulent
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Symptoms and Sign – Differential Diagnosis Cor Pulmonale
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
•Collagen-vascular disease (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE]; calcinosis cutis, Raynaud’s phenomenon, esophageal dysfunction, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia [CREST]; systemic sclerosis)
• Interstitial lung disease
• Neuromuscular diseases causing hypoventilation (e.g., antilymphocyte serum [ALS])
• Primary pulmonary hypertension
• Pulmonary thromboembolic disease
• Pulmonary venous disease
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
•Collagen-vascular disease (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE]; calcinosis cutis, Raynaud’s phenomenon, esophageal dysfunction, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia [CREST]; systemic sclerosis)
• Interstitial lung disease
• Neuromuscular diseases causing hypoventilation (e.g., antilymphocyte serum [ALS])
• Primary pulmonary hypertension
• Pulmonary thromboembolic disease
• Pulmonary venous disease
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Symptoms and Sign – Differential Diagnosis Costochondritis
• Cardiovascular disease
• Cervical disk syndrome
• GI disease
• Osteoarthritis
• Pulmonary disease
• Tietze’s syndrome
• Cardiovascular disease
• Cervical disk syndrome
• GI disease
• Osteoarthritis
• Pulmonary disease
• Tietze’s syndrome
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Symptoms and Sign – Differential Diagnosis of Cough
• “Smoker’s cough”
• Anxiety
• Asthma
• Bronchiectasis
• Cardiac (congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, mitral stenosis, pericardial inflammation)
• Cystic fibrosis
• Drug induced (especially angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors, b-blockers)
• Exposure to irritants (noxious fumes, smoke, cold air)
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
• Infectious process (viral, bacterial)
• Inflammation of larynx, pleura, diaphragm, mediastinum
• Interstitial lung disease
• Lung neoplasms
• Lymphomas, mediastinal neoplasms
• Other: pulmonary embolism, foreign body inhalation, aortic aneurysm, Zenker’s diverticulum, osteophytes, substernal thyroid, thyroiditis, polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR)
• Postinfectious
• Recurrent aspiration
• Rhinitis (allergic, vasomotor, postinfectious)
• “Smoker’s cough”
• Anxiety
• Asthma
• Bronchiectasis
• Cardiac (congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, mitral stenosis, pericardial inflammation)
• Cystic fibrosis
• Drug induced (especially angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors, b-blockers)
• Exposure to irritants (noxious fumes, smoke, cold air)
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
• Infectious process (viral, bacterial)
• Inflammation of larynx, pleura, diaphragm, mediastinum
• Interstitial lung disease
• Lung neoplasms
• Lymphomas, mediastinal neoplasms
• Other: pulmonary embolism, foreign body inhalation, aortic aneurysm, Zenker’s diverticulum, osteophytes, substernal thyroid, thyroiditis, polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR)
• Postinfectious
• Recurrent aspiration
• Rhinitis (allergic, vasomotor, postinfectious)
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Symptoms and Sign – Differential Diagnosis of Craniopharyngioma
• Cerebral aneurysm
• Empty sella syndrome
• Metastatic brain tumors
• Other brain tumors
• Pituitary adenoma
• Pituitary failure of any cause
• Primary brain tumors (e.g., meningiomas, astrocytomas)
• Cerebral aneurysm
• Empty sella syndrome
• Metastatic brain tumors
• Other brain tumors
• Pituitary adenoma
• Pituitary failure of any cause
• Primary brain tumors (e.g., meningiomas, astrocytomas)
