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Diagnostic Tests: Beta–Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (β-hCG)
Overview — What This Test Is
Beta–human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) is a hormone produced by the placenta shortly after implantation. Measurement of β-hCG in urine or serum is used to detect pregnancy. Serum testing is more sensitive than urine testing and allows for quantitative measurement, which is useful for monitoring early pregnancy progression and identifying abnormal pregnancies.
When β-hCG Is the Correct Answer
β-hCG is the best initial diagnostic test for any woman of reproductive age who presents with symptoms that could indicate pregnancy or pregnancy-related complications. You should answer β-hCG when the clinical scenario includes:
- Amenorrhea or a missed/delayed period
- Vaginal bleeding
- Lower abdominal or pelvic pain
- Unexplained abdominal pain in a woman of childbearing age
A key exam principle is that any unexplained abdominal pain in a woman of reproductive age should be considered an ectopic pregnancy until proven otherwise, and β-hCG must be obtained first before further imaging or intervention.
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