​Infectious Diseases and Microbiology - Sexually Active Adolescent with Urethritis ( Neisseria gonorrheae)

​Infectious Diseases and Microbiology - Sexually Active Adolescent with Urethritis ( Neisseria gonorrheae) 
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
​Gram-negative diplococcus.
Newborns can contract the virus through vaginal birth or other forms of intimate contact. Animal reservoirs do not exist.
Urinary tract infections, cervical infections, proctitis, and pharyngitis are some of the most common symptoms. Infections might manifest with symptoms or show no signs at all. 

Inflammatory illness of the pelvis can develop from cervix extension. Skin and joint symptoms, as well as arthritis, can be caused by dissemination.

Survival and invasion are made easier by virulence factors. Proteins such as pilin and opa have a role in invasion and attachment.
An endotoxin is cell-wall lipooligosaccharide. A way to evade the humoral immune response is through antigenic and phase variation. Por protein helps cells stay alive within their own membranes. Immune clearance relies on complement. A more severe course of illness is more likely to occur in people who have complement deficits.

When a purulent discharge is directly stained with gram-negative diplococci, it can be used to identify urethral infections in men. It is necessary to culture cervical discharge samples from women whose Gram stain results are positive. Typically, organisms are cultivated on either chocolate agar or Thayer-Martin agar. The diagnostic utility of nucleic acid amplification tests is extensive.

 Potentially required is susceptibility testing. While most people no longer use penicillin, other effective antibiotics include fluroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins. Combination therapy with antibiotics like azithromycin or doxycycline is used to treat Chlamydia infections that have occurred in more than one site. Babies are protected from gonococcal eye infections (ophthalmia neonatorum) with the help of silver nitrate eye drops.