Medical Physiology - Organization of a Cell

Medical Physiology - Organization of a cell
typical cell comprises the nucleus and cytoplasm, which are delineated by the nuclear membrane. The cytoplasm is delineated from the interstitial fluid that envelops the cell by a cell membrane.
The components constituting the cell are collectively referred to as protoplasm, mostly constituted of the following elements.

Water constitutes 70% to 85% of the majority of cells.

Electrolytes supply inorganic substances for biological reactions. The primary electrolytes within the cell are potassium, magnesium, phosphate, sulfate, bicarbonate, and trace amounts of sodium, chloride, and calcium.

Proteins typically comprise 10% to 20% of cellular mass. They can be categorized into two types: structural proteins and globular (functional) proteins, primarily comprising enzymes.

Lipids comprise around 2% of the total cellular mass. Phospholipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, and neutral fats are among the most significant lipids in cells. In adipocytes, triglycerides may constitute up to 95% of the cellular mass.

​Carbohydrates significantly contribute to cellular nourishment. The majority of human cells contain minimal glucose reserves, typically constituting approximately 1% of total cell mass, though this can increase to 3% in muscle cells and 6% in liver cells. The minimal quantity of carbohydrates within cells is often kept as glycogen, an insoluble polymer of glucose.