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Pathology - Acute appendicitis
Definition • An acute inflammatory condition of the appendix caused by blockage. Epidemiology: Peak incidence occurs between the ages of 5 and 15, although it can manifest at any age.
Aetiology • Considered to arise from the occlusion of the appendiceal lumen due to a faecolith, undigested food, or hypertrophied lymphoid tissue.
Pathogenesis: Obstruction of the appendiceal lumen results in a secondary infection within the mucosa, which then disseminates throughout the whole wall of the appendix.
Presentation: Right iliac fossa pain along with fever and malaise. • Numerous cases lack typical characteristics, potentially associated with the specific placement of the appendix within the individual.
Macroscopy • In initial situations where inflammation is restricted to the mucosal layer, the appendix may present as normal. • In advanced cases, the appendix exhibits dilation, and a fibrinopurulent discharge may be observed on the serosal surface.
Histopathology • Initial cases exhibit neutrophils within crypts (crypt abscesses) and erosion of the superficial epithelium. • Neutrophils subsequently infiltrate the lamina propria of the mucosa and accumulate within the lumen of the appendix. • Subsequent cases demonstrate the progression of the acute inflammatory response into the submucosa, muscularis propria, and serosa. Extensive necrosis of the muscularis propria may result in perforation.
Prognosis • The prognosis is favorable, contingent upon the timely execution of an appendectomy. Delayed treatment poses a danger of perforating the inflamed appendix, which may lead to complications such as intra-abdominal abscess formation or widespread peritonitis.
Definition • An acute inflammatory condition of the appendix caused by blockage. Epidemiology: Peak incidence occurs between the ages of 5 and 15, although it can manifest at any age.
Aetiology • Considered to arise from the occlusion of the appendiceal lumen due to a faecolith, undigested food, or hypertrophied lymphoid tissue.
Pathogenesis: Obstruction of the appendiceal lumen results in a secondary infection within the mucosa, which then disseminates throughout the whole wall of the appendix.
Presentation: Right iliac fossa pain along with fever and malaise. • Numerous cases lack typical characteristics, potentially associated with the specific placement of the appendix within the individual.
Macroscopy • In initial situations where inflammation is restricted to the mucosal layer, the appendix may present as normal. • In advanced cases, the appendix exhibits dilation, and a fibrinopurulent discharge may be observed on the serosal surface.
Histopathology • Initial cases exhibit neutrophils within crypts (crypt abscesses) and erosion of the superficial epithelium. • Neutrophils subsequently infiltrate the lamina propria of the mucosa and accumulate within the lumen of the appendix. • Subsequent cases demonstrate the progression of the acute inflammatory response into the submucosa, muscularis propria, and serosa. Extensive necrosis of the muscularis propria may result in perforation.
Prognosis • The prognosis is favorable, contingent upon the timely execution of an appendectomy. Delayed treatment poses a danger of perforating the inflamed appendix, which may lead to complications such as intra-abdominal abscess formation or widespread peritonitis.
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