​Pathology - Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

​Pathology - Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Common risk factors encompass previous exposure to radiation and chemotherapy, as well as the presence of Down syndrome.
Most commonly observed in youth, with a median peak age of 10, but can also manifest in older individuals.

Study of the nature and causes of diseases. 
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) can be categorized as either T cell or early B cell. The presence of lymphoblastic surface antigens serves as an indication of the leukemia's genesis. Some of the antigens found on B-cells are CALLA (CD10), CD19, and CD20. T-cell antigens comprise CD2, CD5, and CD7. TaT is a characteristic of undeveloped T and B lymphocytes and is found in 95% of instances.

The bone marrow exhibits hypercellularity, primarily consisting of lymphoblasts, with a deformed architecture.
Peripheral blood smear reveals pancytopenia, characterized by a deficiency of all blood cell types, along with lymphocytosis, which is an excessive number of lymphoblasts.

Medical Presentation 
Symptoms include tiredness, infections, high body temperature, bleeding from mucous membranes, swollen lymph nodes, discomfort in the bones, and nerve damage in the head.

Therapy 
Treatment options may include chemotherapy and/or a bone marrow transplant.
Highly receptive to treatment with a favorable prognosis.
Every single one It is the prevalent kind of cancer that occurs in children.
Additionally, it constitutes 80% of the total cases of juvenile leukemias.