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Pathology - Alzheimer Disease
The cause is uncertain, however hypotheses including aberrant amyloid gene expression leading to elevated Alpha beta protein, choline acetyltransferase deficiency causing reduced acetylcholine levels, or atrophy of the nucleus basalis of Meynert. Familial Alzheimer's disease is caused by mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene on chromosome 21, mutations in presenilin genes on chromosomes 1 and 14, and the beta 4 allele of apolipoprotein E on chromosome 19.
Impacts half of those over the age of 85.
Gross Pathology : Brain cortical atrophy with expansion of sulci and ventricles.
Microscopic pathology features include neurofibrillary tangles made of tau protein displacing the nucleus in the cytoplasm, neuritic plaques with an alpha beta protein core surrounded by astrocytes, amyloid angiopathy, Hirano bodies in hippocampal cells, and granulovacuolar degeneration with cytoplasmic vacuoles in hippocampal cells.
Clinical Symptoms and Signs
Dementia manifests as a steady decline in memory, disorientation, language difficulties, visuospatial impairments, loss of motor function, or incontinence.
Administer Donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, or memantine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, to slow down disease progression.
Chronic illness with no remedy.
The cause is uncertain, however hypotheses including aberrant amyloid gene expression leading to elevated Alpha beta protein, choline acetyltransferase deficiency causing reduced acetylcholine levels, or atrophy of the nucleus basalis of Meynert. Familial Alzheimer's disease is caused by mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene on chromosome 21, mutations in presenilin genes on chromosomes 1 and 14, and the beta 4 allele of apolipoprotein E on chromosome 19.
Impacts half of those over the age of 85.
Gross Pathology : Brain cortical atrophy with expansion of sulci and ventricles.
Microscopic pathology features include neurofibrillary tangles made of tau protein displacing the nucleus in the cytoplasm, neuritic plaques with an alpha beta protein core surrounded by astrocytes, amyloid angiopathy, Hirano bodies in hippocampal cells, and granulovacuolar degeneration with cytoplasmic vacuoles in hippocampal cells.
Clinical Symptoms and Signs
Dementia manifests as a steady decline in memory, disorientation, language difficulties, visuospatial impairments, loss of motor function, or incontinence.
Administer Donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, or memantine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, to slow down disease progression.
Chronic illness with no remedy.
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