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Pathology- Antimicrobial agents
Antibacterial agents
Inhibitors of cellular wall biosynthesis • Disrupt peptidoglycan production. • Beta-lactams, such as penicillins and cephalosporins. • Glycopeptides, such as vancomycin and teicoplanin.
Protein synthesis inhibitors
• Bind to bacterial ribosomes and inhibit the elongation of protein chains. Aminoglycosides, such as gentamicin. • Tetracyclines, such as doxycycline. • Macrolides, such as erythromycin and clarithromycin.
Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors
• Disrupt the production of DNA precursors or the process of DNA replication. • Sulfonamides, such as sulfamethoxazole. • Trimethoprim. • Quinolones, such as ciprofloxacin. • Rifamycins, such as rifampicin. • Nitroimidazoles, such as metronidazole.
Antiviral medications
Aciclovir is a guanosine analogue that undergoes phosphorylation by viral thymidine kinase. Aciclovir triphosphate is integrated into viral DNA, resulting in the cessation of chain replication. Ganciclovir is analogous to acyclovir, although exhibits more efficacy against cytomegalovirus (CMV). Contemporary HIV treatment employs a mix of reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors.
Antifungal medications
Azoles inhibit the formation of ergosterol, such as fluconazole. Polyenes disrupt the functionality of fungal cell membranes, such as amphotericin and nystatin.
Antibacterial agents
Inhibitors of cellular wall biosynthesis • Disrupt peptidoglycan production. • Beta-lactams, such as penicillins and cephalosporins. • Glycopeptides, such as vancomycin and teicoplanin.
Protein synthesis inhibitors
• Bind to bacterial ribosomes and inhibit the elongation of protein chains. Aminoglycosides, such as gentamicin. • Tetracyclines, such as doxycycline. • Macrolides, such as erythromycin and clarithromycin.
Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors
• Disrupt the production of DNA precursors or the process of DNA replication. • Sulfonamides, such as sulfamethoxazole. • Trimethoprim. • Quinolones, such as ciprofloxacin. • Rifamycins, such as rifampicin. • Nitroimidazoles, such as metronidazole.
Antiviral medications
Aciclovir is a guanosine analogue that undergoes phosphorylation by viral thymidine kinase. Aciclovir triphosphate is integrated into viral DNA, resulting in the cessation of chain replication. Ganciclovir is analogous to acyclovir, although exhibits more efficacy against cytomegalovirus (CMV). Contemporary HIV treatment employs a mix of reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors.
Antifungal medications
Azoles inhibit the formation of ergosterol, such as fluconazole. Polyenes disrupt the functionality of fungal cell membranes, such as amphotericin and nystatin.
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