- Published on
Pathology - Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Definition: Enlargement of the prostate gland resulting from a rise in cellular proliferation. Epidemiology • Extremely prevalent. • Symptomatic illness impacts approximately 3% of men aged 45–49, increasing to roughly 25% by age 80. Histological evidence is observed in 90% of men by the age of 80.
Aetiology • Ambiguous.
Pathogenesis • Androgens play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), particularly through elevated local concentrations of dihydrotestosterone in the prostate. • Contemporary evidence indicates that heightened estrogen levels in the bloodstream, which increase with age, activate androgen receptors in prostate tissue and promote hyperplasia. Presentation: Frequency, urgency, nocturia, hesitancy, diminished flow, and terminal dribbling, generally referred to as lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). • Certain individuals exhibit urinary tract infection, acute urine retention, or renal failure.
Macroscopy The prostate exhibits nodular enlargement, typically affecting the transition zone. • The association between prostate size and symptom severity is weak.
Histopathology • There is a proliferation of both epithelial and stromal components of the prostate, resulting in the formation of nodules. • The ratio of epithelial to stromal components varies significantly among instances, with some being primarily epithelial and others mostly stromal.
Complications • Urinary retention. • Recurrent urinary tract infections. • Uroliths. • Obstructive nephropathy
Definition: Enlargement of the prostate gland resulting from a rise in cellular proliferation. Epidemiology • Extremely prevalent. • Symptomatic illness impacts approximately 3% of men aged 45–49, increasing to roughly 25% by age 80. Histological evidence is observed in 90% of men by the age of 80.
Aetiology • Ambiguous.
Pathogenesis • Androgens play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), particularly through elevated local concentrations of dihydrotestosterone in the prostate. • Contemporary evidence indicates that heightened estrogen levels in the bloodstream, which increase with age, activate androgen receptors in prostate tissue and promote hyperplasia. Presentation: Frequency, urgency, nocturia, hesitancy, diminished flow, and terminal dribbling, generally referred to as lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). • Certain individuals exhibit urinary tract infection, acute urine retention, or renal failure.
Macroscopy The prostate exhibits nodular enlargement, typically affecting the transition zone. • The association between prostate size and symptom severity is weak.
Histopathology • There is a proliferation of both epithelial and stromal components of the prostate, resulting in the formation of nodules. • The ratio of epithelial to stromal components varies significantly among instances, with some being primarily epithelial and others mostly stromal.
Complications • Urinary retention. • Recurrent urinary tract infections. • Uroliths. • Obstructive nephropathy
0 Comments
