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Pathology – Cholecystitis
Cholecystitis is defined as gallbladder inflammation.
Epidemiology: • Very prevalent. Aetiology • The most common cause is gallstones (calculous cholecystitis). • Acalculous cholecystitis is also seen, particularly in the elderly.
Pathogenesis • Chemical harm to the mucosa by bile is thought to be the cause of biliary stasis. • A gallstone or inadequate gallbladder motility might block the gallbladder exit. Biliary colic causes acute upper abdomen pain that disappears spontaneously after several hours. • Acute cholecystitis is a serious condition characterized by persistent upper abdominal pain, fever, and tachycardia. Macroscopy reveals thicker gallbladder walls and potentially friable mucosa. • Gallstones are often present.
Histopathology • Acute cholecystitis is characterized by oedema, inflammatory cells, and granulation tissue. • Chronic cholecystitis is characterized by muscular hypertrophy and fibrous tissue, mild chronic inflammation, and the development of mucosal diverticula that herniate through the muscular layer (Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses). • Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis is a type of chronic cholecystitis characterized by the presence of macrophages and fibroblasts, likely due to a ruptured Rokitansky-Aschoff sinus.
Prognosis: Most individuals with calculous cholecystitis can be treated with cholecystectomy.
Cholecystitis is defined as gallbladder inflammation.
Epidemiology: • Very prevalent. Aetiology • The most common cause is gallstones (calculous cholecystitis). • Acalculous cholecystitis is also seen, particularly in the elderly.
Pathogenesis • Chemical harm to the mucosa by bile is thought to be the cause of biliary stasis. • A gallstone or inadequate gallbladder motility might block the gallbladder exit. Biliary colic causes acute upper abdomen pain that disappears spontaneously after several hours. • Acute cholecystitis is a serious condition characterized by persistent upper abdominal pain, fever, and tachycardia. Macroscopy reveals thicker gallbladder walls and potentially friable mucosa. • Gallstones are often present.
Histopathology • Acute cholecystitis is characterized by oedema, inflammatory cells, and granulation tissue. • Chronic cholecystitis is characterized by muscular hypertrophy and fibrous tissue, mild chronic inflammation, and the development of mucosal diverticula that herniate through the muscular layer (Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses). • Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis is a type of chronic cholecystitis characterized by the presence of macrophages and fibroblasts, likely due to a ruptured Rokitansky-Aschoff sinus.
Prognosis: Most individuals with calculous cholecystitis can be treated with cholecystectomy.
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