Pathology-Chronic Bronchitis (Variant of COPD)
Pathophysiology A collection of obstructive lung illnesses often referred to as "COPD" frequently co-occur in individuals with comparable epidemiologic traits. The majority of older white guys with a long history of cigarette smoking have COPD. The underlying process that causes mucosal thickening and mucus hypersecretion in the bigger airways during an inflammatory response is considered to be the main cause of the development of the chronic bronchitic type of COPD. Diffuse airflow restriction is the result of this syndrome. In contrast, emphysematous COPD causes considerable damage to the tiny airways. Patients complain of dyspnea and have productive coughs when they first arrive. Due to chronic airway constriction and mucus blockage, wheezing is prevalent. When the bigger bronchi are obstructed by too much mucus, coarse rattles, or bronchi, can be heard. Pulmonary hypertension can be brought on by hypoxemia. Elevated JVP or a noticeable pulmonary valve closing sound (P2) are indicators of pulmonary hypertension. The reduced FEV1:FVC ratio verifies that the lung issue is obstructive.
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