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Pathology - Chronic lower limb ischemia
Definition: Persistent impairment of arterial circulation to the lower extremities.
Epidemiology:
Prevalent
. • Impacts 7% of men over the age of 50. The 4:5 ratio equates to 2:1.
Aetiology
• The majority of cases are attributable to atherosclerosis impacting the aorto-iliac, femoral, or popliteal and calf arteries, either individually or collectively.
Pathogenesis
• Unifocal illness typically leads to intermittent claudication. • A two-level illness typically leads to critical limb ischemia.
Presentation
• Intermittent claudication is defined by pain in the calf or thigh induced by physical activity and alleviated by rest. Critical limb ischaemia is defined by rest pain, tissue necrosis (gangrene or ulceration), or a Doppler ankle pressure of less than 50 mmHg.
Prognosis: One-third experiences improvement, one-third maintains stability, and one-third experiences deterioration. • 4% necessitate intervention, and 1% culminate in amputation
Definition: Persistent impairment of arterial circulation to the lower extremities.
Epidemiology:
Prevalent
. • Impacts 7% of men over the age of 50. The 4:5 ratio equates to 2:1.
Aetiology
• The majority of cases are attributable to atherosclerosis impacting the aorto-iliac, femoral, or popliteal and calf arteries, either individually or collectively.
Pathogenesis
• Unifocal illness typically leads to intermittent claudication. • A two-level illness typically leads to critical limb ischemia.
Presentation
• Intermittent claudication is defined by pain in the calf or thigh induced by physical activity and alleviated by rest. Critical limb ischaemia is defined by rest pain, tissue necrosis (gangrene or ulceration), or a Doppler ankle pressure of less than 50 mmHg.
Prognosis: One-third experiences improvement, one-third maintains stability, and one-third experiences deterioration. • 4% necessitate intervention, and 1% culminate in amputation
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