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Pathology - Classical Hodgkin lymphoma
A lymphoid tumor characterized by dysfunctional neoplastic B-cells, referred to as Hodgkin/Reed Sternberg (HRS) cells, situated amid a dense non-neoplastic inflammatory milieu.
Epidemiology • Bimodal age distribution, characterized by a high incidence between 15 and 35 years, and a secondary peak in later life. • Males are predominantly affected, except in the case of the nodular sclerosis variation, which exhibits equal incidence across genders.
Aetiology • Unknown; although, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has been associated with certain kinds.
Presentation • The majority of patients have localized lymphadenopathy. • Fever, nocturnal diaphoresis, and weight loss are prevalent (referred to as 'B symptoms').
Histopathology • Lymph nodes are infiltrated by varying quantities of neoplastic HRS cells amid a robust inflammatory milieu
The standard diagnosis The Reed-Sternberg cell is a substantial cell characterized by two prominent nuclei, each containing distinct eosinophilic nucleoli. Four histological subtypes are identified based on the quantity and characteristics of the HRS cells and the reactive background: nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte-rich, and lymphocyte-depleted. The immunophenotype of HRS cells is characterized by positivity for CD15 and negativity for CD30, exhibiting a distinctive membranous and Golgi staining pattern. PAX5 and MUM-1 are invariably positive in HRS cells, but CD20 and CD79a are typically negative or expressed at low levels.
Prognosis: Contemporary treatment protocols provide a cure rate over 85% for classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is acknowledged as a unique subtype of Hodgkin lymphoma. NLPHL constitutes 75% of all Hodgkin lymphomas. It generally occurs in young to middle-aged adults between the ages of 30 and 50. The atypical B-cells, referred to as lymphocyte-predominant cells, are immunophenotypically differentiated from classical HRS cells; they generally do not express CD30 and CD15, while exhibiting significant expression of CD20 and EMA. The disease progresses slowly and is seldom lethal.
A lymphoid tumor characterized by dysfunctional neoplastic B-cells, referred to as Hodgkin/Reed Sternberg (HRS) cells, situated amid a dense non-neoplastic inflammatory milieu.
Epidemiology • Bimodal age distribution, characterized by a high incidence between 15 and 35 years, and a secondary peak in later life. • Males are predominantly affected, except in the case of the nodular sclerosis variation, which exhibits equal incidence across genders.
Aetiology • Unknown; although, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has been associated with certain kinds.
Presentation • The majority of patients have localized lymphadenopathy. • Fever, nocturnal diaphoresis, and weight loss are prevalent (referred to as 'B symptoms').
Histopathology • Lymph nodes are infiltrated by varying quantities of neoplastic HRS cells amid a robust inflammatory milieu
The standard diagnosis The Reed-Sternberg cell is a substantial cell characterized by two prominent nuclei, each containing distinct eosinophilic nucleoli. Four histological subtypes are identified based on the quantity and characteristics of the HRS cells and the reactive background: nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte-rich, and lymphocyte-depleted. The immunophenotype of HRS cells is characterized by positivity for CD15 and negativity for CD30, exhibiting a distinctive membranous and Golgi staining pattern. PAX5 and MUM-1 are invariably positive in HRS cells, but CD20 and CD79a are typically negative or expressed at low levels.
Prognosis: Contemporary treatment protocols provide a cure rate over 85% for classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is acknowledged as a unique subtype of Hodgkin lymphoma. NLPHL constitutes 75% of all Hodgkin lymphomas. It generally occurs in young to middle-aged adults between the ages of 30 and 50. The atypical B-cells, referred to as lymphocyte-predominant cells, are immunophenotypically differentiated from classical HRS cells; they generally do not express CD30 and CD15, while exhibiting significant expression of CD20 and EMA. The disease progresses slowly and is seldom lethal.
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