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Pathology - Common Obesity
Pathophysiology
Excess adipose tissue is the condition known as common obesity. More than 25 kg/m2 is considered overweight, more than 30 kg/m2 is considered obese, and more than 40 kg/m2 is considered severely obese.
In America, the majority of adults are either overweight or obese.
Hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, joint disease, and certain malignancies are examples of many comorbidities. An imbalance between energy intake and expenditure causes obesity and excess fat storage. The patient reports eating high-calorie fast food frequently and leads a sedentary lifestyle. The complicated pathophysiology governs hunger and satiety and is mediated by numerous neuronal and endocrine mechanisms that work through the hypothalamus. Leptin is a hormone secreted by adipose tissue that indicates an excess of fat storage. Normally, leptin's physiological negative feedback reduces appetite and raises calorie expenditure. One way to think of obesity is as a leptin resistance syndrome. Excess adipose tissue also releases other cytokines that are linked to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Hypertension is more likely when there is an increase in central sympathetic activity. Here, the high frequency of obesity in the entire family suggests that genetic factors play a significant role in obesity.
With supportive behavioral therapy, this patient—who is motivated to reduce weight—should be assisted in increasing his physical activity and reducing his energy intake.
Pathophysiology
Excess adipose tissue is the condition known as common obesity. More than 25 kg/m2 is considered overweight, more than 30 kg/m2 is considered obese, and more than 40 kg/m2 is considered severely obese.
In America, the majority of adults are either overweight or obese.
Hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, joint disease, and certain malignancies are examples of many comorbidities. An imbalance between energy intake and expenditure causes obesity and excess fat storage. The patient reports eating high-calorie fast food frequently and leads a sedentary lifestyle. The complicated pathophysiology governs hunger and satiety and is mediated by numerous neuronal and endocrine mechanisms that work through the hypothalamus. Leptin is a hormone secreted by adipose tissue that indicates an excess of fat storage. Normally, leptin's physiological negative feedback reduces appetite and raises calorie expenditure. One way to think of obesity is as a leptin resistance syndrome. Excess adipose tissue also releases other cytokines that are linked to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Hypertension is more likely when there is an increase in central sympathetic activity. Here, the high frequency of obesity in the entire family suggests that genetic factors play a significant role in obesity.
With supportive behavioral therapy, this patient—who is motivated to reduce weight—should be assisted in increasing his physical activity and reducing his energy intake.
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