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Pathology - Diseases of the oral cavity
Candidiasis • A fungal illness prevalent among immunosuppressed individuals. • Clinically characterized by erythema and pseudomembrane development.
Actinomycosis • Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria that constitute a component of the normal oral flora, colonizing tonsillar crypts, dental plaque, and gingival tissues. • Pathological infection may arise if these organisms penetrate deeper tissues via trauma (e.g., tooth extraction).
Lichen planus • Frequently affects the oral cavity.Pemphigus vulgaris typically affects the oral cavity.
Mucous membrane pemphigoid, also referred to as cicatricial pemphigoid. Autoimmune blistering disease mostly impacting mucosal regions. • Manifestations occur between the ages of 50 and 70 years, characterized by mouth blistering. • Involvement of the conjunctiva, upper respiratory tract, and skin is also common. Histological examination reveals detachment of the squamous epithelium from the subjacent connective tissue accompanied by a heterogeneous inflammatory infiltrate. Direct immunofluorescence reveals linear deposition of IgG and C3 along the basement membrane zone.
Squamous papilloma • Benign exophytic growth of squamous epithelium. • Predominantly observed in people aged 30 to 50 years. • Preference for hard and soft palates, as well as the uvula. • Histological examination reveals papillary fronds covered by mature squamous epithelium.
Fibroma • Nonmalignant expansion of fibrous tissue due to inflammation. • The majority manifest as a painless oral mass in adults aged 30 to 50 years. Histological examination reveals a subepithelial mass composed of thick collagenous tissue.
Pyogenic granuloma • A benign vascular lesion more accurately referred to as 'lobular capillary hemangioma'. • Exhibits a dark red polypoid mass that frequently undergoes ulceration. • Histological examination reveals a lobulated proliferation of tiny blood vessels.
Squamous cell carcinoma • The most prevalent cancer of the oral cavity. • Significant correlation with alcohol consumption and tobacco use. • 30% present with regional lymph node metastases. • Cumulative 5-year survival around 50%
Candidiasis • A fungal illness prevalent among immunosuppressed individuals. • Clinically characterized by erythema and pseudomembrane development.
Actinomycosis • Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria that constitute a component of the normal oral flora, colonizing tonsillar crypts, dental plaque, and gingival tissues. • Pathological infection may arise if these organisms penetrate deeper tissues via trauma (e.g., tooth extraction).
Lichen planus • Frequently affects the oral cavity.Pemphigus vulgaris typically affects the oral cavity.
Mucous membrane pemphigoid, also referred to as cicatricial pemphigoid. Autoimmune blistering disease mostly impacting mucosal regions. • Manifestations occur between the ages of 50 and 70 years, characterized by mouth blistering. • Involvement of the conjunctiva, upper respiratory tract, and skin is also common. Histological examination reveals detachment of the squamous epithelium from the subjacent connective tissue accompanied by a heterogeneous inflammatory infiltrate. Direct immunofluorescence reveals linear deposition of IgG and C3 along the basement membrane zone.
Squamous papilloma • Benign exophytic growth of squamous epithelium. • Predominantly observed in people aged 30 to 50 years. • Preference for hard and soft palates, as well as the uvula. • Histological examination reveals papillary fronds covered by mature squamous epithelium.
Fibroma • Nonmalignant expansion of fibrous tissue due to inflammation. • The majority manifest as a painless oral mass in adults aged 30 to 50 years. Histological examination reveals a subepithelial mass composed of thick collagenous tissue.
Pyogenic granuloma • A benign vascular lesion more accurately referred to as 'lobular capillary hemangioma'. • Exhibits a dark red polypoid mass that frequently undergoes ulceration. • Histological examination reveals a lobulated proliferation of tiny blood vessels.
Squamous cell carcinoma • The most prevalent cancer of the oral cavity. • Significant correlation with alcohol consumption and tobacco use. • 30% present with regional lymph node metastases. • Cumulative 5-year survival around 50%
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