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Pathology - Diverticular Disease
Definition: Colonic mucosa herniation through the big bowel's circular muscle layer. The great majority of instances occur in the sigmoid colon. Epidemiology • Extremely common. Mostly an illness of patients over the age of 60. A low-fiber, high-meat diet is the primary risk factor.
Pathogenesis • Firm stools demand greater intraluminal pressure to propel. • High intraluminal pressure pushes pouches of colonic mucosa through a weak spot in the muscular layer, allowing blood vessels to nourish the mucosa.
Presentation: Intermittent stomach pain, changed bowel habits, and iron deficiency anaemia. 2 These symptoms may closely resemble colorectal malignancy. • Acute diverticulitis causes considerable pain in the left iliac fossa. • Erosion of a big submucosal artery may result in significant rectal bleeding. During macroscopy, diverticula can be detected herniating between the sigmoid colon's taenia. • The circular muscle layer is thicker and has redundant mucosal folds that protrude into the lumen. • In acute diverticulitis, an inflamed mass may surround the diverticulum. • Diverticular strictures constrict the gut lumen, resembling stenosing cancer.
Histopathology: Diverticula are found herniating through a thicker circular muscle layer. The diverticulum is separated from the pericolic fat by a thin layer of muscle. Acute diverticulitis is characterized by acute inflammation and pericolic abscess development.
Prognosis: • Acute diverticulitis can lead to pericolic abscess formation, fistula formation, and free perforation. • Free perforation can result in widespread peritonitis, which can be deadly in frail elderly individuals.
Definition: Colonic mucosa herniation through the big bowel's circular muscle layer. The great majority of instances occur in the sigmoid colon. Epidemiology • Extremely common. Mostly an illness of patients over the age of 60. A low-fiber, high-meat diet is the primary risk factor.
Pathogenesis • Firm stools demand greater intraluminal pressure to propel. • High intraluminal pressure pushes pouches of colonic mucosa through a weak spot in the muscular layer, allowing blood vessels to nourish the mucosa.
Presentation: Intermittent stomach pain, changed bowel habits, and iron deficiency anaemia. 2 These symptoms may closely resemble colorectal malignancy. • Acute diverticulitis causes considerable pain in the left iliac fossa. • Erosion of a big submucosal artery may result in significant rectal bleeding. During macroscopy, diverticula can be detected herniating between the sigmoid colon's taenia. • The circular muscle layer is thicker and has redundant mucosal folds that protrude into the lumen. • In acute diverticulitis, an inflamed mass may surround the diverticulum. • Diverticular strictures constrict the gut lumen, resembling stenosing cancer.
Histopathology: Diverticula are found herniating through a thicker circular muscle layer. The diverticulum is separated from the pericolic fat by a thin layer of muscle. Acute diverticulitis is characterized by acute inflammation and pericolic abscess development.
Prognosis: • Acute diverticulitis can lead to pericolic abscess formation, fistula formation, and free perforation. • Free perforation can result in widespread peritonitis, which can be deadly in frail elderly individuals.
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