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Pathology - Endometriosis
Endometriosis can manifest with a triad of symptoms that includes dysmenorrhea (painful menses), dyspareunia (pain during intercourse), and dyschezia (pain on defecation). The condition is primarily caused by reflux of blood and endometrial cells from the uterus through the fallopian tubes into the abdominal cavity. Other causes have also been postulated, including coelomic metaplasia and hematogenous spread. Dyschezia arises secondary to endometrial cell implants in the rectouterine pouch of Douglas. The implants act as normal endometrial cells and undergo cyclical alterations according to systemic hormone balance variations, regardless of the implant location.
Laparoscopy is the current gold standard for diagnosis because it permits viewing of the endometrial implants.
Menstrual periods can be regulated with oral contraceptives and discomfort can be eased with anti-inflammatory medications.
Endometriosis can manifest with a triad of symptoms that includes dysmenorrhea (painful menses), dyspareunia (pain during intercourse), and dyschezia (pain on defecation). The condition is primarily caused by reflux of blood and endometrial cells from the uterus through the fallopian tubes into the abdominal cavity. Other causes have also been postulated, including coelomic metaplasia and hematogenous spread. Dyschezia arises secondary to endometrial cell implants in the rectouterine pouch of Douglas. The implants act as normal endometrial cells and undergo cyclical alterations according to systemic hormone balance variations, regardless of the implant location.
Laparoscopy is the current gold standard for diagnosis because it permits viewing of the endometrial implants.
Menstrual periods can be regulated with oral contraceptives and discomfort can be eased with anti-inflammatory medications.
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