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Pathology - Follicular adenoma
Definition: A benign, encapsulated thyroid neoplasm with follicular differentiation.
Epidemiology: The predominant thyroid neoplasm. • The actual incidence is challenging to assess because of inconsistent criteria for differentiating follicular adenomas from cellular adenomatoid nodules in nodular goiters.
Aetiology: Associated with radiation exposure and iodine deficiency. Genetics • Chromosomal trisomies, especially trisomy 7, represent the predominant category of genetic anomalies. Presentation • The majority appear with a singular thyroid nodule, either detected by the patient or identified incidentally through imaging. Spontaneous hemorrhage within an adenoma may result in severe discomfort and an increase in nodule size. Macroscopy • The thyroid has a distinctly defined, thinly encapsulated solid nodule characterized by a gray, tan, or brown sliced surface. Cytopathology • Aspirates exhibit cellularity, comprising many follicular cells with minimal colloid. • The follicular cells are observed both in a dissociated state and in minute microfollicular configurations. 2 It is important to recognize that cytology cannot differentiate between follicular adenoma and follicular cancer. This may solely be accomplished histologically. Histopathology • Follicular adenomas are encapsulated epithelial tumors exhibiting follicular differentiation. • By definition, there is an absence of capsular or vascular penetration.
Prognosis: Follicular adenomas are benign neoplasms that are resolved with surgical excision.
Definition: A benign, encapsulated thyroid neoplasm with follicular differentiation.
Epidemiology: The predominant thyroid neoplasm. • The actual incidence is challenging to assess because of inconsistent criteria for differentiating follicular adenomas from cellular adenomatoid nodules in nodular goiters.
Aetiology: Associated with radiation exposure and iodine deficiency. Genetics • Chromosomal trisomies, especially trisomy 7, represent the predominant category of genetic anomalies. Presentation • The majority appear with a singular thyroid nodule, either detected by the patient or identified incidentally through imaging. Spontaneous hemorrhage within an adenoma may result in severe discomfort and an increase in nodule size. Macroscopy • The thyroid has a distinctly defined, thinly encapsulated solid nodule characterized by a gray, tan, or brown sliced surface. Cytopathology • Aspirates exhibit cellularity, comprising many follicular cells with minimal colloid. • The follicular cells are observed both in a dissociated state and in minute microfollicular configurations. 2 It is important to recognize that cytology cannot differentiate between follicular adenoma and follicular cancer. This may solely be accomplished histologically. Histopathology • Follicular adenomas are encapsulated epithelial tumors exhibiting follicular differentiation. • By definition, there is an absence of capsular or vascular penetration.
Prognosis: Follicular adenomas are benign neoplasms that are resolved with surgical excision.
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