Pathology - Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Pathology - Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Linked to hiatal hernia are factors such as alcohol consumption, tobacco use, obesity, pregnancy, and scleroderma.
Gastric acid refluxes into the esophagus due to an incompetent Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) with reduced muscle tone. Untreated gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may result in the development of Barrett esophagus.

Manifesting symptoms of heartburn that intensify post-meals, while in a reclined position, and during bending.

The symptoms are typically alleviated by the use of antacids, H2-receptor antagonists, and proton pump inhibitors. Additionally, lifestyle modifications such as avoiding hot meals, alcohol, and caffeine, refraining from lying down immediately after eating, and achieving weight loss can also help in reducing the symptoms.