Pathology - Hypercoagulable States

​Pathology - Hypercoagulable States 
The causes of inherited hypercoagulable conditions encompass Factor V Leiden (which involves resistance to activated protein C), prothrombin mutation, deficiency of protein C or S, deficiency of antithrombin III, and antiphospholipid syndrome.

The causes of acquired hypercoagulable states encompass malignancy, myeloproliferative diseases, pregnancy, and nephrotic syndrome. or substances known as estrogens

Study of the nature and causes of diseases. 
Vein: Venous thrombus is characterized by a dark red color, with pale gray fibrin threads. It is hard in texture and firmly adherent to the vessel wall. Additionally, it is accompanied with inflammation of the vein.

Symptoms and signs 
Indications of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism; cerebrovascular accident; repeated spontaneous abortions
Laboratory results: Elevated D-dimer levels are observed in people with thrombosis, while elevated PT levels are seen in individuals with antiphospholipid syndrome.

Therapy 
Anticoagulation is the use of heparin for a short period and warfarin for a longer period to prevent blood clotting. The Virchow trinity, which consists of endothelial damage, hypercoagulable condition, and venous stasis, increases the likelihood of developing a deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
Patients who are immobilized due to illness or recent surgery, as well as those with hypercoagulable conditions (either hereditary or acquired), are susceptible to deep vein thrombosis (DVT).